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      Lagos: challenges and solutions

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe some of the challenges of life in Lagos and list some possible solutions.

      Key learning points

      1. Many people in Lagos live in informal settlements because of a lack of affordable housing.
      2. Traffic congestion and pollution are major problems in Lagos.
      3. There are high levels of inequalities in Lagos.
      4. Solutions include the Lagos Bus Rapid Transit system and floating schools.

      Keywords

      • Pollution - anything that makes the environment dirty or unhealthy

      • Inequality - when something is not shared evenly between everyone

      • Informal settlement - area of makeshift housing where the people who live there don’t own the land or have access to services like clean water, power, sanitation

      • Informal job sector - jobs that are not officially recorded or regulated and do not involve the payment of taxes

      • Poverty - not having enough money to afford basic human needs such as food, clothing or somewhere to live

      Common misconception

      The challenges facing Lagos aren’t problems in other cities.

      Many of the challenges facing Lagos are issues in most of the world’s cities.

      Teacher tip

      Use GIS to investigate different areas of Lagos to further develop understanding of what the city is like.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Where is Nigeria located?

      Southern Africa
      Correct answer: West Africa
      East Africa
      Central Africa

      Q2.
      What is Nigeria’s most populous city?

      Kano
      Abuja
      Correct answer: Lagos
      Port Harcourt

      Q3.
      What does Nigeria export in large quantities?

      Coffee
      Correct answer: Oil
      Gold
      Cotton

      Q4.
      What is meant by the term “superpower”?

      A country with nuclear weapons
      A country with strong military only
      A country with the biggest population
      Correct answer: A country with growing regional influence and economic power

      Q5.
      What kind of economy does Nigeria have?

      Based only on farming
      Based on industry and services only
      Correct answer: A mixed economy with farming, oil, and services
      No clear economy

      Q6.
      Why is Nigeria important to Africa?

      It’s the coldest country
      It has a small GDP
      Correct answer: It plays a leading role in African politics and trade
      It exports no goods

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an informal settlement?

      A legal housing estate
      A government-built neighbourhood
      Correct answer: Makeshift homes with no secure land ownership or services
      A luxury apartment block

      Q2.
      What does poverty mean?

      Owning multiple homes
      Having more than enough to meet your needs
      Earning above the average income
      Correct answer: Not having enough money to meet basic needs

      Q3.
      Why do informal settlements often grow in cities like Lagos?

      There’s too much empty land
      People prefer them
      Correct answer: Formal housing is unaffordable or unavailable
      Everyone is offered free housing

      Q4.
      What does Lagos share with many other megacities?

      Very few people
      Unlimited housing
      Correct answer: Similar urban challenges
      A small informal sector

      To help you plan your 8 geography lesson on: Lagos: challenges and solutions, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...