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      Fieldwork: Analysing, concluding and evaluating soil data

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can analyse and reflect on my soil data to create meaningful conclusions and an evaluation.

      Key learning points

      1. Analyses of data can sometimes reveal data that does not seem to fit with the general pattern.
      2. Geographers should try to find explanations for anomalous data.
      3. Geographers look for evidence that their data is both valid and reliable.

      Keywords

      • Anomaly - a piece of data that does not seem to fit the trend shown by all the other pieces of data

      • Valid (data) - data that is able to answer or partially answer an enquiry question

      • Reliable (data) - data that could be replicated if the data collection were to be repeated

      Common misconception

      Anomalous data can be ignored in the data analysis stage as it is due to human error in the data collection stage.

      Geographers will always try to find explanations for data that does not fit the general trend before they dismiss it as being caused by human error during the data collection stage.

      Teacher tip

      Listing the geographical variables that were not measured in the data collection stage can be a good way of helping students to formulate sensible reasons for anomalies.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Why does soil matter to humans?

      Correct answer: It supports plant growth
      It helps build roads
      It keeps rocks from moving
      It forms mountains

      Q2.
      What is humus?

      A rock layer
      A type of mineral
      Correct answer: Rotting plant and animal material in soil
      The sandy part of soil

      Q3.
      What can fossils tell us about?

      Weather patterns
      Correct answer: Ancient life forms
      Future earthquakes
      Modern buildings

      Q4.
      Match the type of soil to its key characteristic:

      Correct Answer:Clay soil,Sticky, holds water well

      Sticky, holds water well

      Correct Answer:Sandy soil,Drains quickly, feels gritty

      Drains quickly, feels gritty

      Correct Answer:Loam soil,Mix of textures, good for plants

      Mix of textures, good for plants

      Q5.
      What causes biological weathering?

      Ice
      Chemicals
      Correct answer: Plants and animals
      Sunlight

      Q6.
      Which rock type usually contains fossils?

      Igneous
      Correct answer: Sedimentary
      Metamorphic
      Volcanic

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an anomaly in data?

      A perfectly average value
      A repeated measurement
      Correct answer: A value that doesn’t fit the pattern
      A value with no label

      Q2.
      What does it mean for data to be valid?

      It is the biggest number
      Correct answer: It answers the enquiry question
      It looks neat
      It is written in pen

      Q3.
      Which of these is an example of unreliable data?

      Using the same method for each test
      Using a fair test
      Repeating the test
      Correct answer: Changing the measuring tool halfway through

      Q4.
      Why should anomalies not be ignored completely?

      They make your graph look better
      Correct answer: They might reveal something important
      They are always caused by wind
      They don’t matter in geography

      To help you plan your 8 geography lesson on: Fieldwork: Analysing, concluding and evaluating soil data, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...