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      Development opportunities and challenges in Northern Canada

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain opportunities and challenges of developing cold environments in Northern Canada.

      Key learning points

      1. Northern Canada is an example of a cold environment.
      2. There are opportunities for development in Northern Canada (mineral extraction, energy, fishing, tourism).
      3. There are challenges for developing in Northern Canada (extreme temperatures, inaccessibility, provision of buildings).

      Keywords

      • Indigenous - the people that originally lived and may continue to live in a particular country or region

      • Mineral extraction - the process of removing valuable minerals from the earth

      • Tourism - the business of attracting and taking care of visitors to a place

      • Permafrost - a thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions

      Common misconception

      Cold environments cannot support any form of development.

      While challenging, development is possible in cold environments with proper planning and technology.

      Teacher tip

      Set students the task of developing a fact file on this case study for homework, which they can then use for revision closer to the exam.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What defines a cold environment?

      Areas with very little rainfall
      Areas with high temperatures all year
      Correct answer: Areas that are cold for most or all of the year
      Areas covered by forests

      Q2.
      Which of the following is an example of a cold environment?

      The Sahara desert
      The Amazon rainforest
      Correct answer: The Arctic tundra
      The Mediterranean coast

      Q3.
      What is permafrost?

      Ground that is frozen for a few months each year
      Correct answer: Ground that stays frozen all year
      Ice that floats on the ocean
      A mountain glacier

      Q4.
      Which human activity threatens cold environments the most?

      Reforestation
      Eco-tourism
      Correct answer: Oil and gas exploration
      Organic farming

      Q5.
      How can plants survive in cold environments?

      By growing very tall to reach sunlight
      By having large leaves
      Correct answer: By growing low to the ground
      By using salt water

      Q6.
      What does 'fragile environment' mean when describing cold regions?

      It breaks easily when people walk on it
      Correct answer: It is very sensitive and can be easily damaged
      It has a lot of earthquakes
      It is safe from climate change

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What does the term "indigenous" refer to?

      Tourists visiting a region
      Correct answer: The people who originally lived in an area
      People who migrate to cold environments
      Workers involved in mining

      Q2.
      What is mineral extraction?

      Growing crops in cold climates
      Protecting endangered species
      Correct answer: Removing valuable minerals from Earth
      Stopping mining activities to protect wildlife

      Q3.
      Which activity could threaten indigenous cultures?

      Correct answer: Mass mineral extraction without consultation
      Respectful ecotourism
      Conservation projects
      Educational programmes about indigenous traditions

      Q4.
      Why is the statement "Cold environments cannot support any form of development" incorrect?

      Correct answer: They can support limited, sustainable development
      They have no useful resources
      They are too dangerous for any human activity
      They are all covered by permanent glaciers

      To help you plan your 10 geography lesson on: Development opportunities and challenges in Northern Canada, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...