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      Changing industrial structure of Indonesia

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how Indonesia's economic sectors have changed since 1990.

      Key learning points

      1. Indonesia has experienced a changing industrial structure.
      2. In Indonesia, the balance between different sectors of the economy has changed.
      3. Manufacturing industry can stimulate economic development.

      Keywords

      • Primary sector - the part of an economy that involves using natural resources directly from the land or sea, for example, agriculture, fishing, forestry and mining

      • Secondary sector - the part of an economy that involves manufacturing goods from raw materials or other manufactured goods, for example factory work, construction and food processing

      • Tertiary sector - the part of an economy that provides services to people and businesses rather than goods, for example teachers, doctors, shop workers and delivery drivers

      Common misconception

      As Indonesia is not an HIC, most people there will still work in agriculture.

      Agriculture was once Indonesia’s economic backbone, but its share of the workforce has declined since the 1990s. Today, industry and services dominate Indonesia's economy, with manufacturing, finance, tourism and digital sectors growing.

      Teacher tip

      Students could use the Esri World Imagery Wayback app to compare land use and economic activity in Indonesia over the last decade. Land reclamation in Jakarta Bay is a good example.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these statements is true about Indonesia?

      It has a small population
      It is made up of just a few islands
      It is located in South America
      Correct answer: It has over 17,000 islands and a large population

      Q2.
      How does palm oil farming harm the environment?

      It causes flooding
      It improves biodiversity
      Correct answer: It leads to deforestation
      It protects endangered species

      Q3.
      What is a regional power?

      A small country with no influence
      A country that is globally dominant
      Correct answer: A country that is strong and influential in its region
      A country that has no trade links

      Q4.
      What is trade?

      Only exchanging money within a country
      Correct answer: The buying and selling of goods and services between countries
      A country closing its borders
      Transporting goods within one village

      Q5.
      What is the main cause of river pollution in parts of Indonesia?

      Tourists swimming in rivers
      Correct answer: Factories dumping waste
      Building more schools
      Too much rain

      Q6.
      How does economic development sometimes lead to environmental damage?

      By reducing population growth
      Through the creation of national parks
      Correct answer: Through increased resource use and pollution
      By stopping foreign investment

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the primary sector?

      Jobs that involve technology and design
      Correct answer: Jobs using natural resources like farming and fishing
      Jobs that involve teaching and medicine
      Jobs in factories

      Q2.
      What kind of job is part of the secondary sector?

      Doctor
      Farmer
      Waiter
      Correct answer: Factory worker

      Q3.
      What is the tertiary sector of the economy?

      Jobs involving farming
      Correct answer: Jobs providing services to people
      Jobs that produce oil
      Jobs in mining and forestry

      Q4.
      Why is it wrong to say “Most people in Indonesia still work in agriculture”?

      Because there are no farms left in Indonesia
      Because farming is illegal
      Correct answer: Because most people now work in services and industry
      Because Indonesia is not a real country

      To help you plan your 11 geography lesson on: Changing industrial structure of Indonesia, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...