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      Challenges associated with urban growth: environmental issues

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe the challenges associated with managing environmental issues in Jakarta.

      Key learning points

      1. There are environmental challenges in Jakarta.
      2. There are challenges associated with waste disposal in Jakarta.
      3. There are challenges associated with air and water pollution in Jakarta.
      4. There are challenges associated with traffic congestion in Jakarta.

      Keywords

      • Pollution - presence of harmful substances in the environment, such as in the air, water or soil, which can damage ecosystems and human health

      • Groundwater - water found underground in soil, sand and rock. It is stored in aquifers and can be used as a source of water for drinking or industry

      • Congestion - a situation where there are too many vehicles on the roads, causing traffic to move slowly or come to a standstill, leading to longer journey times and increased pollution

      Common misconception

      Most air pollution in Jakarta comes from industries.

      While factories contribute, the main source of air pollution in Jakarta is traffic, particularly from motorbikes and older diesel vehicles.

      Teacher tip

      There are several YouTube videos about Bantar Gebang landfill that show the scale of the landfill, and some that also interview those who make a living as waste pickers on the landfill.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the keywords to their definitions:

      Correct Answer:Informal sector,Jobs without tax, contracts or sick pay
      Correct Answer:Infrastructure,Basic services a city needs to function
      Correct Answer:Megacity,A city with over 10 million people
      Correct Answer:Migration,People moving to live in a new location

      Q2.
      What is a key reason people move to Jakarta from rural areas?

      Correct answer: Better access to jobs and services
      To escape tourism
      To avoid urban life
      For more farmland

      Q3.
      Which of the following is part of Jakarta’s formal economy?

      Street vending
      Correct answer: Construction work with a contract
      Selling snacks at traffic lights
      Waste collection by informal groups

      Q4.
      What kind of problems do kampungs face in Jakarta?

      Too many green spaces
      Correct answer: Overcrowding and poor sanitation
      Lack of shopping centres
      Too much public transport

      Q5.
      What makes Jakarta important globally?

      It has the most rural areas
      Correct answer: It is a centre for global finance and trade
      It only serves Indonesian tourists
      Its main role is farming

      Q6.
      Why does much of Jakarta struggle with flooding?

      High altitude and few rivers
      Poor roads
      Correct answer: Low-lying land and subsidence
      No rainfall

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the keywords with their correct definitions:

      Correct Answer:pollution,Harmful substances in air, water, or soil
      Correct Answer:groundwater,Water stored in rock or soil underground
      Correct Answer:congestion,Roads too full of vehicles, causing long delays

      Q2.
      What is the most common source of air pollution in Jakarta?

      Farming machinery
      Correct answer: Traffic, especially old motorbikes and diesel vehicles
      Power stations
      Forest fires

      Q3.
      Many residents in Jakarta rely on because piped water is limited.

      Correct Answer: groundwater

      Q4.
      Which of these statements is most accurate?

      Jakarta’s air pollution mainly comes from factories
      Most homes in Jakarta have piped water
      Correct answer: Traffic is a major cause of pollution in Jakarta
      Jakarta has no environmental problems

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