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      Urban planning: improving quality of life for the urban poor in Jakarta

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain, using an example, how urban planning is improving quality of life for the urban poor in Jakarta.

      Key learning points

      1. The Kampung Akuarium project has improved quality of life for the urban poor in Jakarta by improving housing conditions.
      2. Posyandu clinics have improved quality of life for the urban poor in Jakarta by improving access to healthcare.
      3. There are advantages and disadvantages of 'bottom-up' strategies for improving health and education services.

      Keywords

      • Sustainable - development that meets the needs of people today without damaging the environment or reducing resources for future generations

      • Bottom-up development - small-scale projects led by local people to meet community needs, often supported by NGOs

      • Cooperative - a group of people working together to achieve shared goals. A housing cooperative is where residents help plan and manage their homes, often in partnership with local government or NGOs

      Common misconception

      Urban planning in NEEs and LICs is always designed and led by local communities.

      Much urban planning is led by governments or large corporations, not by local communities. This ‘top-down’ development often aims to improve infrastructure at a city-wide or national level.

      Teacher tip

      Use GIS to map the location of kampungs like Akuarium and Pulo, showing proximity to flood zones or lack of infrastructure.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the keywords with their correct definitions:

      Correct Answer:world city,City with global influence in trade and communication
      Correct Answer:natural increase,When birth rate is higher than death rate
      Correct Answer:subsidence,Land sinking, often due to groundwater overuse

      Q2.
      What is causing land subsidence in parts of Jakarta?

      Correct answer: Extracting too much groundwater
      Building too many roads
      Earthquakes
      Poor farming methods

      Q3.
      The population of Jakarta is rising due to and migration.

      Correct Answer: natural increase

      Q4.
      What makes Jakarta important within Indonesia and globally?

      Its tropical weather
      Its role in farming
      Correct answer: Its trade, economy and transport links
      Its rivers and forests

      Q5.
      Which statement is true about Jakarta’s growth?

      Most of its growth is from international immigration
      Jakarta is shrinking due to emigration
      Correct answer: Jakarta’s population growth is due to both births and rural-urban migration
      People are moving from Jakarta to rural areas

      Q6.
      Why is Jakarta’s location important?

      It is close to Antarctica
      It is a central island with no trade links
      It is near mountain ranges
      Correct answer: It connects Indonesia to global trade and is a port city

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the keywords to their definitions:

      Correct Answer:sustainable,Meets needs now without harming the future
      Correct Answer:bottom-up development,Small-scale, led by locals, often with NGO help
      Correct Answer:cooperative,Group working together for shared goals

      Q2.
      Which of these is most likely a bottom-up development?

      A new airport built by the government
      Correct answer: A housing project designed by local residents
      A railway line funded by national banks
      A luxury hotel project

      Q3.
      Which of the following is not always true about urban planning in NEEs?

      Correct answer: It is designed by local people
      It can involve NGOs
      Some of it is led by government
      It sometimes improves sanitation

      Q4.
      Which is the most accurate statement?

      Urban planning in NEEs is always led by communities
      Cooperatives do not work in LICs
      Correct answer: Bottom-up and top-down planning both play a role
      All urban projects in Jakarta are sustainable

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