This is a video guide showing how to visualise and analyse how inequalities may influence migration and trends in migration. We're going to use a ready-made map, created in ArcGIS Online to complete some tasks to show how this is done. So the first thing you need to do is to click the Layers panel and make one of the layers visible. And that layer is called HDI World 2021. I'm just gonna make it visible now by clicking the visibility icon, that will change it and you'll see that the data has appeared on the screen. There are a couple of ways to interpret the data on the map, one of which is to check out the legend on the left hand side and we can see that there are four categories of countries. There's an extra category, which is for areas with no data or countries with no data. We can ignore that for the moment. And what we're looking at is four categories for HDI based on the categories used by the United Nations Development Programme where countries with highest HDI are any which are 0. 8 or more. And the countries with the lowest HDI are those that are less than 0. 55, and there are countries in between those two categories. The other way we can interpret the data is by clicking on the countries. So if we click on any particular country, if we click on the UK to start off with, it reveals information about the HDI of the country as it is now. We can see the UK is 0. 929. We can also see the rank of the country out of 191 countries, the UK is ranking 18. And we can also see the percentage change of HDI between 2011 and 2021. Perhaps more usefully, we can see the trend over a longer period of time. So if we float our cursor over the line chart, we can see that in 1991, the UK's HDI was 0. 809. And then we can go through the years to 2001, 2011 and 2021, where we see it is 0. 929. So we can use a country like the UK as a benchmark to compare with other countries. And we know it's a country that fits into the very high HDI category 'cause it's well above 0. 8. And that means we can then look at countries in other parts of the world. So a good suggestion would be to look at countries maybe in South America or Africa or Asia to compare the HDI. We're just gonna look at one particular example, which is Mali in Africa. So if we click on Mali, we see that it's a bit of a different picture. What we've gotta make sure is we take account of what's going on with the vertical axis here so that we don't sort of make any errors in making judgements between countries. But fortunately we've got popup information. so we can look at Mali's data over the same period of time as for the UK. What we can see is that back in 1991, it was very low indeed, it was 0. 245. And then as the years went by, it has increased somewhat. So 2001, it was 0. 329. If we move forward to 2011, we see it was 0. 409. And if we move up to nearer the present time, in 2021, we can see it was 0. 428. Its rank compared to other countries of the world is quite low. It's 186 out of 191. And having said that, it's HDI has increased from quite a low base by 4. 6% since 2011 to 2021. So a good question to ask ourselves is, well, to what extent might this data suggest that migration to the UK is likely? We can see that there are ongoing and very significant gaps in HDI between Mali and the UK since 1991, but the gap is narrowing slightly. 1991, the gap was 0. 564. By 2021, the gap was down a bit to 0. 501, but that is still a very large gap. The HDI gap would suggest that there would be potential for strong push factors from Mali and correspondingly strong pull factors towards the UK. So the migration to the UK would be likely, that doesn't necessarily mean to say it's going to happen, but it would be likely to occur because there's a strong migration gradient, if you like, a big difference between the two countries. But we need to consider other factors that could be important in influencing migration. You could have things like migration controls and you could also have colonial links, which may or may not influence migration to the UK. Mali is actually a country that was part of the French colonies, so maybe they wouldn't be quite the same colonial link pressure or driver for migration between Mali and the UK.