New
New
Year 10
Edexcel B

Liverpool CBD and inner city: challenges and opportunities from decline

I can describe how 20th century decline in Liverpool’s CBD and inner city led to challenges and opportunities for the population and economy.

New
New
Year 10
Edexcel B

Liverpool CBD and inner city: challenges and opportunities from decline

I can describe how 20th century decline in Liverpool’s CBD and inner city led to challenges and opportunities for the population and economy.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Deindustrialisation in the 20th century triggered depopulation in Liverpool's CBD and inner city.
  2. The CBD and inner city experienced decline from the 1930s to 1990s followed by growth due to regeneration efforts.
  3. Decline in the CBD and inner city led to challenges including dereliction, unemployment and economic recession.
  4. 21st century economic and population growth led to significant investment in the CBD.
  5. Studentification, gentrification and e-commernce have brought challenges and opportunities.

Keywords

  • Deindustrialisation - decline in importance of the industrial sector, for example, the closure of factories

  • Depopulation - reduction in the population of an area, typically involving out-migration following deindustrialisation

  • Studentification - areas with a high concentration of students, typically in sub-divided rental properties

  • Gentrification - the upgrading of areas (typically housing) often in the inner city, making them more desirable but often more expensive

Common misconception

Regeneration only brings positive impacts.

Whilst regeneration in Liverpool has been very positive for the CBD and inner city overall, it has brought a number of challenges such as negative impacts of studentification, gentrification and e-commerce developments.


To help you plan your year 10 geography lesson on: Liverpool CBD and inner city: challenges and opportunities from decline, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Bring inner city Liverpool during the slum clearances of the 1960s and 1970s to life by adding further images of the city at this time.
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This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Where is Liverpool located in the UK?
South East England
Correct answer: North West England
Midlands
North East England
Q2.
Which industry was most important to Liverpool’s historical growth?
Tourism
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Correct answer: Shipping
Q3.
What was one major effect of de-industrialisation in Liverpool?
Population increase
Increase in manufacturing jobs
Correct answer: Job losses and unemployment
More green spaces
Q4.
Which group of people has increased Liverpool’s cultural diversity?
Retirees
Correct answer: Migrants
Tourists
Commuters
Q5.
What is one challenge still facing parts of Liverpool?
Too many businesses
High house prices everywhere
Correct answer: Social inequality
Lack of public transport
Q6.
What river flows through Liverpool?
Thames
Severn
Correct answer: Mersey
Tyne

4 Questions

Q1.
What is studentification?
Closure of schools
Correct answer: High numbers of students living in one area
Removal of student housing
A drop in student population
Q2.
What is one opportunity created by gentrification in Liverpool?
Lower quality housing
Increased crime
Correct answer: Improved shops and services
Fewer job opportunities
Q3.
Which of the following statements about regeneration is most accurate?
Regeneration only improves areas without any downsides.
Regeneration always lowers the cost of living.
Correct answer: Regeneration can improve places but may also displace existing residents.
Regeneration only happens in rural areas.
Q4.
Why did depopulation occur in parts of Liverpool’s inner city?
Too many new houses were built
Correct answer: People moved for better jobs after factory closures
Tourism declined
The weather worsened

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