New
New
Year 10
Edexcel B

Example of a river flood: River Eden, Cumbria (2015)

I can explain how physical and human factors interacted to cause the River Eden flooding in Cumbria in 2015.

New
New
Year 10
Edexcel B

Example of a river flood: River Eden, Cumbria (2015)

I can explain how physical and human factors interacted to cause the River Eden flooding in Cumbria in 2015.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The River Eden valley is located in the northwest of England.
  2. In December 2015, Carlisle and surrounding towns were flooded.
  3. Physical and human factors interacted to cause the flooding.

Keywords

  • Saturated - soil or ground that has absorbed the maximum amount of water it can hold

  • Flood defences - structures built to protect areas from flooding

  • Floodplain - a flat area of land next to a river that is prone to flooding

Common misconception

Flooding is caused only by heavy rainfall.

Heavy rainfall is a key factor, other phyiscal and human factors, such as relief, geology and land use also affect the flood risk.


To help you plan your year 10 geography lesson on: Example of a river flood: River Eden, Cumbria (2015), download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

As this is a located example in the Edexcel B specification, make use of OS maps, video clips and news articles to support learning and bring it to life.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
What is erosion in a river context?
When rocks are broken down but not moved
When the river adds material to its banks
Correct answer: When the river wears away the land and rock
When trees are planted to stop flooding
Q2.
Which process occurs when a river drops the sediment it was carrying?
Erosion
Correct answer: Deposition
Weathering
Transportation
Q3.
What is the correct sequence of the river’s course?
Correct answer: Upper course → Middle course → Lower course
Source → Delta → Meander
Middle course → Source → Estuary
Erosion → Deposition → Transportation
Q4.
Which landform is most likely found in the upper course of a river?
Oxbow lake
Correct answer: Waterfall
Floodplain
Delta
Q5.
What physical factor can increase the risk of flooding?
Correct answer: Prolonged rainfall
Tree planting
Building green spaces
Building urban areas
Q6.
How does urbanisation contribute to flooding?
Increases tree growth
Increases infiltration
Reduces surface runoff
Correct answer: Replaces permeable surfaces with concrete

5 Questions

Q1.
What does it mean when the ground is saturated?
The ground is dry and cracked
The river has burst its banks
Correct answer: The soil cannot absorb any more water
There is low rainfall in the area
Q2.
What is a floodplain?
Correct answer: Flat land next to a river prone to flooding
A hilly area where rivers start
The riverbed itself
A valley shaped by glaciers
Q3.
Which of the following is a human factor that increased flood risk in Cumbria?
Heavy rainfall
Steep relief
Correct answer: Urban development
Saturated ground
Q4.
What caused the River Eden to flood in 2015?
A tsunami
Correct answer: Prolonged heavy rainfall and saturated ground
A dam failure
A volcanic eruption
Q5.
Why is it incorrect to say that flooding is caused only by heavy rainfall?
Rainfall is not linked to flooding
Correct answer: Human activities like deforestation and urbanisation also play a role
Flooding doesn’t happen in the UK
All rivers flood once a year

Additional material

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