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      Examples of management of volcanic hazards

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe how volcanoes are managed differently at contrasting locations.

      Key learning points

      1. Management can reduce the impacts of volcanic hazards.
      2. Management involves short-term relief and long-term planning, preparation and prediction.
      3. Volcanic hazards may be managed differently at contrasting locations.

      Keywords

      • Hazard risk - the likelihood or chance of being affected by a natural hazard, such as an earthquake or volcanic eruption

      • Management - techniques used to reduce hazard risk, including short-term relief and long-term planning, preparation and prediction

      Common misconception

      People in developing countries are less prepared because they lack understanding of volcanic hazards.

      People in developing countries have expert understanding of volcanic hazards and local communities are fully aware of hazards. Management problems are often due to lack of resources for effective prediction, preparation and relief.

      Teacher tip

      There are amazing drone videos of the 2024 eruptions in Iceland available on YouTube and expert information on the Icelandic Met Office website. Reminder: although Oak has resourced both, students study *either* volcanic hazards *or* earthquake hazards for this part of the Edexcel B specification.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What causes an earthquake?

      Strong winds
      Correct answer: Movement along a fault line
      Heavy rainfall
      Volcanic eruptions

      Q2.
      Which type of plate margin is most likely to experience explosive volcanic eruptions?

      Constructive
      Collision
      Conservative
      Correct answer: Destructive

      Q3.
      Which scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake?

      Correct answer: Richter
      Fujita
      Mercalli
      Beaufort

      Q4.
      What is a secondary hazard of a volcanic eruption?

      Lava flow
      Tectonic plate movement
      Magma chamber formation
      Correct answer: Tsunami

      Q5.
      Which of these is an immediate response to an earthquake?

      Rebuilding homes
      Improving earthquake-resistant buildings
      Correct answer: Sending emergency aid
      Teaching earthquake drills

      Q6.
      Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur?

      Near the equator
      Correct answer: At plate boundaries
      In the middle of continents
      Near large rivers

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following is a method used to predict volcanic eruptions?

      Studying animal behaviour
      Correct answer: Measuring ground deformation
      Observing weather changes
      Counting the number of eruptions in history

      Q2.
      Why is monitoring gas emissions important in volcanic hazard management?

      It helps to measure water quality
      It prevents ash clouds from forming
      Correct answer: It indicates changes in magma movement
      It tells scientists when a volcano is dormant

      Q3.
      How do evacuation plans help reduce volcanic risk?

      They prevent lava from reaching settlements
      Correct answer: They ensure people can leave safely before an eruption
      They help scientists predict eruptions
      They stop ash clouds from forming

      Q4.
      People in developing countries are less prepared because they lack understanding of volcanic hazards. Which statement best challenges this misconception?

      Scientists in developing countries do not study volcanoes.
      Governments in developing countries do not try to protect people.
      Volcanic hazards only occur in developed countries.
      Correct answer: Many developing countries have historical knowledge and local warning systems.

      To help you plan your 10 geography lesson on: Examples of management of volcanic hazards, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...