Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

      Saying what something is like: subject pronouns 'er', 'sie', 'es' for 'it'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can say what something is like, identifying grammatical gender and using the correct word for ‘it’.

      Vocabulary and transcripts for this lessons

      Key learning points

      1. [ö] can be either long like in 'schön' or short like in 'plötzlich'.
      2. In German, subject pronouns tell us the grammatical gender of the subject.
      3. German has three words for the subject pronoun 'it' - masculine 'er', feminine 'sie' and neuter 'es'.

      Keywords

      • [ö] - pronounced long [ö] as in ‘schön’ and short [ö] as in 'plötzlich'

      • Subject pronoun - represents the person, people or thing(s) doing the verb, e.g., I, we, they

      • Er - subject pronoun ‘he’ and ‘it’ for masculine nouns

      • Sie - subject pronoun ‘she’ and ‘it’ for feminine nouns

      • Es - subject pronoun ‘it’ for neuter nouns

      Common misconception

      'Er' and 'sie' only mean 'he' and 'she'.

      Whilst 'er' and 'sie' do mean 'he' and 'she', they are also the masculine and neuter words for 'it'.

      Teacher tip

      Reiterate to your learners that the subject pronoun is not related to biological gender, e.g., a male doesn't say 'er' for everything. It depends on the grammatical gender of the noun.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

      Loading...

      Some of our videos, including non-English language videos, do not have captions.

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the German words below to the correct English translations.

      Correct Answer:die Mutter,mother

      mother

      Correct Answer:der Vater,father

      father

      Correct Answer:die Nacht,night

      night

      Correct Answer:der Kopf,head

      head

      Q2.
      Match the German words below to the correct English translations.

      Correct Answer:dunkel,dark

      dark

      Correct Answer:das Problem,problem

      problem

      Correct Answer:das Beispiel,example

      example

      Correct Answer:die Schule,school

      school

      Q3.
      Select the plural nouns.

      Correct answer: die Schnitzel
      das Spiel
      das Haustier
      Correct answer: die Filme

      Q4.
      Translate the following sentence into English: 'Die Spiele sind da.'

      Correct Answer: The games are there., The games are here. , The games are there, The games are here

      Q5.
      Match up the forms of 'sein' to the correct English translations.

      Correct Answer:ich bin,I am

      I am

      Correct Answer:du bist,you are

      you are

      Correct Answer:er ist,he is

      he is

      Correct Answer:sie ist,she is

      she is

      Correct Answer:sie sind,they are

      they are

      Q6.
      Match the grammatical genders to the correct forms of 'the'.

      Correct Answer:masculine,der

      der

      Correct Answer:feminine,die

      die

      Correct Answer:neuter,das

      das

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the subject in the following sentence? 'Die Katze ist klein.'

      Correct answer: die Katze
      ist
      klein

      Q2.
      Which subject pronoun would you use in German for 'it' when referring to a neuter noun?

      er
      sie
      Correct answer: es

      Q3.
      In German, what determines which version of 'it' ('er', 'sie', or 'es') is used in a sentence?

      the biological gender of the subject
      Correct answer: the grammatical gender of the subject
      the biological and grammatical gender of the subject

      Q4.
      Put the steps we must follow to decide which version of 'it' to use in German in the correct order.

      1 - Identify the noun the subject pronoun is replacing.
      2 - Determine the grammatical gender of the noun.
      3 - Choose the correct subject pronoun: 'er', 'sie', or 'es'.

      Q5.
      In the sentence 'Der Hund ist schwarz. Er ist groß.', why is 'er' used for 'it'?

      because 'Hund' is feminine
      Correct answer: because 'Hund' is masculine
      because 'Hund' is neuter
      because 'Hund' is plural

      Q6.
      Change the sentence 'Die Flasche ist rot.' to say 'It is red.'. Replace the noun with a subject pronoun.

      Correct Answer: Sie ist rot., Sie ist rot

      To help you plan your 7 German lesson on: Saying what something is like: subject pronouns 'er', 'sie', 'es' for 'it', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...