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      Beziehungen: reflexive and non-reflexive verbs, reciprocal verbs

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can differentiate between reflexive and non-reflexive uses of verbs and use reflexive and reciprocal verbs to talk about relationships.

      Vocabulary and transcripts for this lessons

      Key learning points

      1. Some verbs are reflexive in German but their English translation does not have a reflexive meaning.
      2. The meaning of a verb can change depending on its reflexive or non-reflexive use.
      3. Reflexive use means the subject (doer) and object (receiver) of the action are the same.
      4. With plural verbs, reflexive pronouns can also mean 'each other', if the action is reciprocal.

      Keywords

      • Reflexive - describes an action where the subject and object of the verb are the same

      • Reciprocal - describes an action that is two-way or mutual

      Common misconception

      Verbs have the same meaning whether they are used reflexively or non-reflexively.

      Some verbs have the same or similar meanings when used reflexively and non-reflexively, e.g. nennen, to call, sich nennen, to call oneself. However, some verbs completely change their meaning e.g. anziehen, to attract, sich anziehen, to get dressed.

      Teacher tip

      For Task C3, use mini whiteboards (if available) and strict timings, and encourage pupils to share possible answers.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the German and English.

      Correct Answer:getrennt,separated
      Correct Answer:geschieden,divorced
      Correct Answer:wichtig,important
      Correct Answer:ähnlich,similar
      Correct Answer:fremd,foreign, strange
      Correct Answer:sicher,safe, secure

      Q2.
      Match the German and English.

      Correct Answer:fühlen,to feel, feeling
      Correct Answer:bekommen,to get, receive
      Correct Answer:entscheiden,to decide, deciding
      Correct Answer:interessieren,to interest, interesting
      Correct Answer:kennen,to know, knowing
      Correct Answer:nennen,to name, naming

      Q3.
      Which phrases include a reflexive verb?

      Correct answer: Ich ziehe mich an.
      Der Film unterhält uns.
      Correct answer: Er entscheidet sich für den Norden.
      Correct answer: Wir unterhalten uns.
      Deutsch interessiert mich.

      Q4.
      Match the subject pronouns to their reflexive pronouns.

      Correct Answer:ich,mich
      Correct Answer:du,dich
      Correct Answer:er, sie, es,sich
      Correct Answer:wir,uns
      Correct Answer:ihr,euch
      Correct Answer:sie, Sie,sich

      Q5.
      Fill in the gap to complete the following translation: 'He is .' ('Er interessiert sich für Fußball.')

      Correct Answer: interested in football., He's interested in football.

      Q6.
      Fill in the gap to complete the following translation: 'Er zieht .' ('He gets (himself) dressed'.)

      Correct Answer: sich an.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the German and English.

      Correct Answer:der Streit,argument
      Correct Answer:der Zwilling,twin
      Correct Answer:die Größe,size, height
      Correct Answer:der Vorschlag,suggestion
      Correct Answer:die Hauptstadt,capital city
      Correct Answer:der Papa,dad

      Q2.
      Which sentences contain reflexive verbs?

      Sie nennt uns Fremde.
      Correct answer: Wir nennen uns 'Die Besten'.
      Ich stelle das Buch auf den Tisch.
      Correct answer: Ich stelle mich an seine Seite.

      Q3.
      Match the German and English.

      Correct Answer:anziehen,to attract, attracting
      Correct Answer:sich anziehen,to get dressed, getting dressed
      Correct Answer:entschuldigen,to excuse, excusing
      Correct Answer:sich entschuldigen,to apologise, apologising
      Correct Answer:vorstellen,to introduce, introducing
      Correct Answer:sich vorstellen,to imagine, imagining

      Q4.
      Which translation of the following sentence is correct? 'Wir fragen uns, wer er ist.'

      We ask who he is.
      Correct answer: We wonder who he is.
      We ask him who he is.
      They ask us who he is.

      Q5.
      Which of these sentences could be reciprocal in meaning?

      Correct answer: Sie lieben sich.
      Correct answer: Wir entschuldigen uns.
      Er zieht mich an.
      Ich entscheide mich für den Süden.
      Correct answer: Streitet ihr euch?

      Q6.
      Translate the following sentence into German: 'They apologise (to each other).'

      Correct Answer: Sie entschuldigen sich.

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