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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe Edward I’s first campaign in Scotland in 1296.

      Key learning points

      1. In 1292 Edward became overlord of Scotland.
      2. Many Scots resisted Edward’s rule and invaded northern England.
      3. Edward believed he could unite England and Scotland because many Scottish leaders cooperated with Edward.
      4. Edward responded brutally to the Scottish rebellion.
      5. Edward’s rule placed more demands on the Scots and created further resistance.

      Keywords

      • Allegiance - showing allegiance is to be loyal to a lord or monarch

      • Sack - to sack a settlement is to attack it with much destruction and steal things from it

      • Oath of fealty - an oath of fealty is a formal promise to be loyal to a monarch

      Common misconception

      Edward I always intended to conquer Scotland and add it to his kingdom.

      Edward I's initial aim was to have the Scottish pay him homage as their overlord.

      Teacher tip

      Have students write diary entries from the perspective of a Scottish leader who cooperated with Edward, expressing thoughts on uniting England and Scotland, and the challenges faced.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Why did the Welsh revolt against English rule in 1282?

      Correct answer: enforcement of English law on the Welsh people
      Correct answer: English officials acted in a heavy-handed way
      Correct answer: many Welsh people were arrested without reason
      religious differences between Wales and England
      enforcement of English language on the Welsh people

      Q2.
      What happened to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd after his Welsh revolt was defeated?

      he was exiled and forced to live in France
      he surrendered and was imprisoned in the Tower of London
      Correct answer: his head was chopped off and placed on a spike at the Tower of London

      Q3.
      Fill in the blank with the correct missing word: The different Welsh kingdoms shared a common and customs which were distinct from England's.

      Correct Answer: language, Language

      Q4.
      In January 1283, Dafydd was charged with treason and became one of the first people to be executed by a horrific new method: later known as being hanged, drawn and ...

      Correct Answer: quartered, Quartered

      Q5.
      Edward I built castles to enforce the English conquest of Wales. What was Edward I's strategy to maintain control over Wales after the revolt?

      Correct answer: building castles
      granting independence to Welsh kingdoms
      offering peace treaties
      promoting Welsh culture

      Q6.
      What was the reaction of Welsh families to the extension of English common law across Wales?

      all families rejected it as a sign of conquest
      all families welcomed it for economic benefits
      Correct answer: some welcomed it for better justice, others saw it as conquest

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What significant event occurred in 1292 regarding the Scottish succession crisis?

      Correct answer: Edward I became overlord of Scotland
      Edward I invaded Scotland
      Margaret the Maid of Norway died

      Q2.
      Why did many Scots resist Edward I's rule as overlord?

      Correct answer: Edward interfered in Scottish justice
      Correct answer: Edward ordered Scottish knights for military service
      Edward made an alliance between England and France

      Q3.
      What does the term 'oath of fealty' mean?

      a formal declaration of war
      Correct answer: a formal promise to be loyal to a monarch
      a pledge to protect the church

      Q4.
      Starting with the earliest, place these events in time order.

      1 - Margaret the Maid of Norway dies
      2 - Edward becomes overlord of Scotland
      3 - the Scots invade northern England
      4 - Edward sacks Berwick

      Q5.
      What were Edward I's initial intentions towards Scotland?

      he intended to conquer Scotland and add it to his kingdom
      Correct answer: he wanted the Scottish to pay him homage as their overlord
      he wanted to marry into the Scottish royal family

      Q6.
      Fill in the blank with the correct missing word: Scotland had an experienced government and ...

      Correct Answer: monarchy, Monarchy

      To help you plan your 7 history lesson on: Edward I and Scotland, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...