Key learning points

1. Edward I believed he could unite England and Wales under his kingship.
2. Many Welsh revolted against English law and heavy-handed rule being forced upon them.
3. Edward I launched a war of conquest assisted by Llywelyn’s Welsh enemies and the Scottish Earl of Carrick.
4. The Welsh revolt was defeated and Llywelyn and Dafydd ap Gruffuff were both killed.
5. Edward I built castles to enforce the English conquest of Wales.

Keywords

• Heavy-handed - heavy-handed is using too much force in dealing with someone

• treason - treason is to betray one’s country, government or leader

• Vassal - a vassal is someone below someone else in the feudal system

• Hanged, drawn and quartered - being hanged, drawn, and quartered is an execution where the person was hanged until nearly dead, cut down, disembowelled and cut into pieces

• Dominate - to dominate is to have control over a place or person

Common misconception