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      Elizabeth I and the Spanish Armada

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can recall the reasons for the Spanish Armada and explain how it was defeated.

      Key learning points

      1. English privateers had been raiding Spanish ships in the Atlantic and stealing their gold.
      2. England supported Dutch Protestant rebels in the Netherlands against the Spanish.
      3. The Spanish King, Philip II, wished to make England Catholic.
      4. The Spanish Armada in 1588 was a Spanish attempt to invade England.
      5. Elizabeth I used the victory over the Spanish in propaganda.

      Keywords

      • Alliance - an alliance is a connection or friendship between different countries

      • Privateer - a privateer is a person or armed ship allowed by a government to attack and steal from other ships at sea

      • Fleet - a fleet is a group of ships sailing together

      • Navy - the navy is the branch of the armed forces which operates at sea

      • Spanish Armada - the Spanish Armada was a large group of warships

      Common misconception

      The English navy destroyed the Spanish Armada.

      Most of the ships lost from the Spanish Armada were sunk in storms after the battle against the English navy.

      Teacher tip

      Encourage students to give more than one example of each of the three factors in order to strengthen their argument.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      How old was Mary, Queen of Scots when she became queen of Scotland?

      Correct answer: 6 days old
      6 years old
      16 years old
      60 years old

      Q2.
      What religion did Mary, Queen of Scots follow?

      Correct Answer: Catholicism, Catholic, catholicism, catholic, Roman Catholicism

      Q3.
      Why did many Catholics think that Mary was legally the rightful ruler of England?

      unlike Mary, Queen of Scots, Elizabeth was not Catholic
      Correct answer: Elizabeth was illegitimate as she was born from an illegal marriage
      Elizabeth was unmarried with no children

      Q4.
      How did the Scottish lords react to Mary's marriage to Lord Bothwell?

      they encouraged her to claim her right to England's throne
      Correct answer: they rebelled against her
      they demanded that she be married in a Presbyterian ceremony
      they forced her and Lord Bothwell to return to France

      Q5.
      What was the name of the plot to assassinate Elizabeth that definitely involved Mary, Queen of Scots?

      Bakeman Plot
      Correct answer: Babington Plot
      Ridolfi Plot
      Throckmorton Plot

      Q6.
      Why was Mary considered a 'figurehead' for Catholic rebels in England?

      She was the head of the Catholic Church
      She was the most religiously-minded person in England
      Correct answer: She inspired Catholics to rebel for her

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What was England's relationship like with Spain when Elizabeth became queen in 1558?

      good - England was part of the Spanish Empire
      Correct answer: good - Spain's king, Philip II, had been married to England's queen, Mary I
      neutral - neither country knew a lot about the other one
      bad - England had previously invaded and ruled parts of Spain
      bad - England and Spain had been at war for years

      Q2.
      Why did Philip II ask Elizabeth to arrest Francis Drake?

      he had mocked Philip II's appearance by saying his beard needed a trim
      Correct answer: he had attacked Spanish ships and settlements in the Americas
      he fought against the Spanish during the Dutch Rebellion
      he had raided Spanish settlements on the north coast of Spain

      Q3.
      Fill in the missing word: the name given to Dutch ships that were allowed safe harbour in English ports during the Dutch Rebellion was Sea ..........

      Correct Answer: Beggars, beggars

      Q4.
      Which of the following was true about the Duke of Medina Sidonia, leader of the Spanish Armada?

      he was secretly an English spy
      he had lost his leg fighting against the Dutch and was in constant pain
      Correct answer: he got violently seasick whenever he was on a ship
      he was hated by all of the other ships' captains

      Q5.
      What new tactics did the English navy use to fight the Spanish Armada?

      massive warships for boarding enemy vessels
      stealthy night-time raids
      underwater battering rams to sink enemy ships
      Correct answer: fast and manoeuvrable ships with long-range cannons

      Q6.
      Which event sunk a large part of the Spanish Armada?

      The slow journey up the English Channel
      The Battle of Gravelines
      Correct answer: Storms off the coasts of Scotland and Ireland

      To help you plan your 8 history lesson on: Elizabeth I and the Spanish Armada, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...