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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain why the last years of Elizabeth's reign were more difficult.

      Key learning points

      1. The growth in importance of the gentry caused a great deal of change in English society.
      2. There was a growth in literacy rates and expansion of arts during the Elizabethan 'Golden Age'.
      3. Elizabeth faced a lot of factionalism in her government at a time of bad harvests and growing unemployment.
      4. Tyrone rebelled against Elizabeth in Ireland.
      5. Elizabeth faced a rebellion from the Earl of Essex.

      Keywords

      • Golden Age - a Golden Age is a time of peace, prosperity and plenty

      • Gentry - the gentry are people of good social position, specifically the group below the nobility in position and birth

      • Factionalism - factionalism is the splitting of a group into factions, or smaller groups, which have slightly different ideas

      • Monopolies - monopolies is the term given to the exclusive control of the supply of products or services

      Common misconception

      The Elizabethan period was a 'Golden Age'.

      Whilst there were many positives that came about during the Elizabethan era, many people suffered from poverty and starvation.

      Teacher tip

      Make it clear to students that, although much of English history focuses on London and its inhabitants, the rest of the country was often experiencing very different conditions.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an 'alliance'?

      Correct answer: a friendship between different countries
      a rivalry between different countries
      a promise of marriage between monarchs
      a declaration of war between monarchs

      Q2.
      Complete the name of this English sailor, hated by the Spanish: Sir Francis ...

      Correct Answer: Drake, drake

      Q3.
      What is the name given to a person or an armed ship allowed by a government to attack and steal from other ships at sea?

      Correct Answer: privateer, Privateer, Privateers, privateers

      Q4.
      In what year did the Spanish Armada set sail to try and invade England?

      Correct Answer: 1588

      Q5.
      What was the name of the main battle during the Armada expedition?

      Correct answer: the Battle of Gravelines
      the Battle of Trafalgar
      the Battle of Jutland
      the Battle of Midway

      Q6.
      Match the example to the factor which helped to cause the defeat of the Spanish Armada.

      Correct Answer:Spanish mistake,Philip II placed an inexperienced admiral in charge

      Philip II placed an inexperienced admiral in charge

      Correct Answer:English skill,fire ships broke the defensive formation

      fire ships broke the defensive formation

      Correct Answer:luck,fierce storms wrecked many ships

      fierce storms wrecked many ships

      Correct Answer:Spanish mistake,the army and navy were unable to meet up

      the army and navy were unable to meet up

      Correct Answer:English skill,fast, manoeuvrable ships could fire cannons from distance

      fast, manoeuvrable ships could fire cannons from distance

      Correct Answer:luck,fierce storms prevented an earlier invasion

      fierce storms prevented an earlier invasion

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which social class grew in power during Elizabeth's reign?

      royalty
      nobility
      Correct answer: gentry
      commoners

      Q2.
      Which of the following is a reason why Elizabeth's reign has been called a Golden Age?

      years of good harvests led to an excess of food
      peaceful relations with all other foreign powers
      Correct answer: growing interest in the theatre and arts in London
      lots of affordable housing built for poorer people

      Q3.
      What name is given to the type of houses the gentry built during the Elizabethan period?

      Correct Answer: prodigy houses, Prodigy houses, prodigy, Prodigy Houses, Prodigy

      Q4.
      How much did the population grow by during the Elizabethan period?

      20% - from 2 million to 2.4 million
      30% - from 2.25 to 2.9 million
      40% - from 2.5 million to 3.5 million
      Correct answer: 50% - 3 million to 4.5 million

      Q5.
      Which country was the Nine Years War, or Tyrone's Rebellion, fought in?

      Correct Answer: Ireland, ireland

      Q6.
      What year was Essex's Rebellion?

      1558
      1588
      Correct answer: 1601
      1605

      To help you plan your 8 history lesson on: Elizabeth I's later years, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...