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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe how the post-war Labour government created the modern welfare state, including National Insurance and the NHS.

      Key learning points

      1. The government increased general taxation to pay for child allowances to alleviate child poverty.
      2. The government introduced National Insurance, to which all workers contributed from their salary.
      3. The National Insurance scheme would give people state support if they became ill or lost their job.
      4. In 1948, the National Health Service (NHS) was created which was universal and free at the point of use.
      5. Reforms introduced by the government formed the basis of the modern welfare state.

      Keywords

      • Welfare state - a system in which the government protects the health and well-being of its citizens by providing grants, pensions and other benefits

      • Taxation - the system of routinely paying money to the government

      Common misconception

      Every element of the NHS was free for a considerable time after its creation.

      Every element of the NHS was only free for a short time, as the overwhelming demand resulted in the need to introduce prescription fees.

      Teacher tip

      When discussing the creation of the NHS teachers might want to make comparisons between NHS coverage in 1948 and that of today, and discuss reasons why things like prescriptions, dental treatment and glasses are only provided free at the point of access for certain groups, rather than all.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Why did an increasing amount of people need state support after World War Two (WW2)?

      Britain had run out of food
      Correct answer: devastation caused by WW2
      there were not enough jobs
      Correct answer: poverty had increased

      Q2.
      What percentage of children evacuated from Liverpool in 1939 were found to have lice?

      5 per cent
      10 per cent
      15 per cent
      Correct answer: 20 per cent

      Q3.
      Which politician became Prime Minister in 1945?

      Anthony Eden
      Correct answer: Clement Attlee
      Winston Churchill

      Q4.
      What is the term for taking privately controlled companies and industries and putting them under government control?

      Correct Answer: nationalisation, nationalise, nationalised

      Q5.
      A term in politics for the overwhelming majority of votes for one party in an election is a victory.

      Correct Answer: landslide

      Q6.
      What was Labour's manifesto for the 1945 General Election?

      'A New Welfare State'
      Correct answer: 'Let Us Face the Future'
      'Old Jerusalem to New Jerusalem'

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      How many children were receiving free school meals by 1945?

      1650
      16 500
      165 000
      Correct answer: 1.65 million

      Q2.
      What is the name for the system of routinely paying money to the government?

      Correct Answer: taxation, taxes, tax

      Q3.
      What was the aim of introducing National Insurance?

      a way to increase the growth of the British economy
      Correct answer: a system of protection for British people
      a taxation on the rich to pay for services for the poor

      Q4.
      What services could people claim through the NHS?

      Correct answer: GP appointments
      Correct answer: dental treatments
      career advice
      housing support
      Correct answer: hospital appointments

      Q5.
      Who was the Labour minister for health after WW2?

      Correct answer: Aneurin Bevan
      Clement Attlee
      William Beveridge

      Q6.
      Put the following events in chronological order.

      1 - the Beveridge Report was published
      2 - Labour won the General Election
      3 - the school leaving age increased to 15
      4 - the National Health Service was created

      To help you plan your 9 history lesson on: The NHS and the welfare state, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...