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      Durham Cathedral - sources and historical context

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the strengths and limitations of key sources for Norman England.

      Key learning points

      1. Different types of sources provide insights into the historical context of Norman England.
      2. Three types of sources are visual sources, text sources and material sources.
      3. Each type of source has strengths and limitations.
      4. Durham Cathedral may have inspired Anglo-Saxons to further worship
      5. Historians debate the impact of the new building upon ordinary people

      Keywords

      • Source - a direct or first-hand piece of evidence from the past

      • Historical context - what is happening at the time of a historical event, possibly shaping it

      • Contemporary - from the same time as something

      Common misconception

      There are relatively few sources for Norman England, so historians have less to say about this period than later periods of English history.

      Historians have plenty to say about Norman England because they are able to interpret the sources available in many different ways to support many different theories.

      Teacher tip

      This lesson is designed to work with all the Norman England Historic Environments, but could easily be adapted to a specific site, for example, in conjunction with the AQA resource pack for that site.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes the language spoken by ordinary people in a region or country?

      Correct Answer: vernacular

      Q2.
      Which word describes the ability to choose and appoint bishops and abbots?

      Correct Answer: investiture

      Q3.
      Complete the sentence: There are key topics making up the historical context of Norman England.

      one
      two
      Correct answer: three
      four

      Q4.
      Which topics does 'Life under the Normans' not cover?

      Correct answer: the Church
      economic and social changes and their consequences
      Correct answer: military aspects
      feudalism and government
      Correct answer: establishing and maintaining control

      Q5.
      Which of the following relate to monasticism in Norman England?

      Archbishop Lanfranc and reform of the English Church
      Correct answer: Latin usage and the vernacular
      Correct answer: the building of abbeys and monasteries
      the Investiture Controversy

      Q6.
      Which word describes the support that an overlord provided to their vassal in return for homage?

      Correct Answer: patronage

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes a direct or first-hand piece of evidence from the past?

      Correct Answer: source

      Q2.
      Which word describes what is happening at the time of a historical event, possibly shaping it?

      Correct Answer: historical context

      Q3.
      The three types of sources most useful for learning about Norman England are _________, text sources and..._

      written sources
      Correct answer: visual sources
      Correct answer: material sources
      painting sources

      Q4.
      Which of the following are limitations of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as a source about Norman England?

      Correct answer: Some events are only described briefly, or vaguely.
      It was written within a year of the events it describes.
      It provides insights as to how the English felt about Normans.
      Correct answer: Accounts are often biased about Norman actions.

      Q5.
      Who wrote ‘Gesta Guillelmi’?

      Harold Godwinson
      William of Normandy
      Correct answer: William of Poitiers
      William II

      Q6.
      Which of the following are strengths of Norman material sources?

      Correct answer: not rewritten or recorded by later writers
      have often been remodelled, extended or damaged
      Correct answer: buildings provide evidence of technology and engineering skills
      surviving buildings for ordinary people are very rare

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: Durham Cathedral - sources and historical context, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...