New
New
Year 10
AQA

The built environment of Norman England

I can describe how Normans introduced changes to the built environment.

New
New
Year 10
AQA

The built environment of Norman England

I can describe how Normans introduced changes to the built environment.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The Normans loved an architectural style known now as Romanesque.
  2. Romanesque style looked back to features of ancient Roman architecture, such as huge stone columns and rounded arches.
  3. Castles were a major change to the built environment; stone replaced timber for building mainly from the 12th century.
  4. Within 30 years of the Norman conquest, most church buildings in England were being rebuilt in Romanesque style.
  5. There were several reasons for the vast programme of rebuilding, including religious reforms and Norman wealth.

Keywords

  • Built environment - the landscape created by buildings and infrastructure like roads and bridges

  • Romanesque - an architectural style based on features of ancient Roman buildings

  • Architecture - the design and construction of buildings

  • Order - a group of individuals who live under a religious rule, dedicating themselves to a specific way of life

Common misconception

The Normans invented Romanesque architecture.

The Normans were enthusiastic adopters of Romanesque building style, but it was developed in northern Italy and France, combining Roman features with elements of Byzantine design.

There are likely to be overlaps between this lesson and Historic Environment sites that focus on Norman cathedrals or castles. Showing students examples of Romanesque features from their Historic Environment would be good reinforcement for this lesson if the site contains references to them.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which word describes the lord of a manor's land which was farmed for him?
Correct Answer: demesne
Q2.
Which word describes a peasant who held up to 100 acres of land which they rented from a lord for money?
Correct Answer: freeman
Q3.
Match the activities in the farming year with the seasons.
Correct Answer:spring,seeds for crops were sown on the fields

seeds for crops were sown on the fields

Correct Answer:summer,the crops were harvested

the crops were harvested

Correct Answer:autumn,the fields were ploughed

the fields were ploughed

Correct Answer:winter,some animals were slaughtered

some animals were slaughtered

Q4.
Complete the sentence: Norman lords worked their villeins than had been the case in Anglo-Saxon times.
Correct Answer: harder, longer
Q5.
Match the aspects of village life to whether they show change or continuity after the Norman Conquest.
Correct Answer:continuity,types of crops grown, seasonal farming

types of crops grown, seasonal farming

Correct Answer:change,fall in the number of freemen, who the lord was

fall in the number of freemen, who the lord was

Correct Answer:continuity,housing materials, way villagers lived

housing materials, way villagers lived

Correct Answer:change,number of monasteries, number of enslaved people

number of monasteries, number of enslaved people

Q6.
What did villagers have to give to the church each year?
Correct Answer: tithe, a tithe

6 Questions

Q1.
Which word describes the landscape created by buildings and infrastructure like roads and bridges?
Correct Answer: built environment
Q2.
Which word describes a group of individuals who live under a religious rule, dedicating themselves to a specific way of life?
Correct Answer: order
Q3.
Which of the following does the Romanesque style feature?
delicate flowers
Correct answer: huge stone columns
Correct answer: rounded arches
Correct answer: chevron patterns
slim pillars
Q4.
In which century did stone castles start to replace wooden ones?
Correct Answer: 12th, 12th century, twelfth century
Q5.
Which of the following statements show the purpose of Norman castles?
Correct answer: to defend against Anglo-Saxon rebellions or foreign invasion
to provide Normans with the comforts of home
Correct answer: act as a very visible sign to the Anglo-Saxons that the Normans were in control
Correct answer: to impress the Anglo-Saxons and show them William's wealth and power
to ensure the English built environment all looked the same
Q6.
Within how many years of the conquest were most church buildings in England being rebuilt?
10
20
Correct answer: 30
50

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