New
New
Year 10
AQA

Medieval public health in towns and monasteries

I can explain why the quality of public health differed between medieval towns and monasteries.

New
New
Year 10
AQA

Medieval public health in towns and monasteries

I can explain why the quality of public health differed between medieval towns and monasteries.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Water in medieval towns was often contaminated by waste and sewage.
  2. Streets in towns were often dirty because of poor waste disposal.
  3. Actions to improve public health in towns had limited impact.
  4. The location of monasteries helped protect them from disease.
  5. Monasteries invested in good sanitation facilities.

Keywords

  • Sanitation - a system for protecting people's health by removing dirt and waste

  • Public health - actions and systems intended to prevent disease and maintain good health within communities

  • Contaminate - to make something dirty or harmful to people’s health

  • Cesspit - a large underground hole that is used for collecting human waste

  • Privy - medieval name given to a toilet

Common misconception

Medieval people were not interested in good personal hygiene.

Personal hygiene was considered important by most, but access to washing facilities was unequal so levels of personal hygiene differed considerably between different groups of the population, such as nuns and monks and poor residents of towns.


To help you plan your year 10 history lesson on: Medieval public health in towns and monasteries, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

After reading section D of the Additional Material, ask pupils to discuss the following: 'why do you think ordinary people didn't build privies when local authorities didn't?'. After they've done this, ask further: 'why does this suggest authorities have an important role to play in public health?'.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content
  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Arabic was the language of which religion in the medieval period?
Correct Answer: Islam, Muslim, Islamic
Q2.
'The Canon of Medicine' listed the properties of how many different books?
140
390
510
Correct answer: 760
Q3.
Who was the author of 'The Canon of Medicine'?
Al-Razi
Correct answer: Ibn Sina
Ibn al-Nafis
Q4.
Who wrote the book 'Doubts about Galen'?
Correct answer: Al-Razi
Ibn Sina
Ibn al-Nafis
Q5.
What type of person first translated Islamic medical works to medieval Europe?
a government official
Correct answer: a merchant
a priest
a soldier
Q6.
Starting with the earliest, sort the following medical figures into chronological order based on when they lived and completed their work.
1 - Hippocrates
2 - Galen
3 - Al-Razi
4 - Guy de Chaulliac

Assessment exit quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
refers to systems put in place for protecting people's health by removing dirt and waste.
Correct Answer: Sanitation
Q2.
How did most medieval townspeople access the water they needed?
Correct answer: from rivers
Correct answer: from wells
from taps in their homes
Q3.
Where were monasteries located?
in the middle of towns
on the outskirts of towns
Correct answer: far away from towns
Q4.
In medieval towns, a lot of waste was disposed of by being thrown onto streets or into ...
Correct Answer: rivers, water ways, streams, water supplies, the water supply
Q5.
Why didn't medieval townspeople bathe more regularly?
believed it was harmful
Correct answer: limited access and resources
personal hygiene was considered unimportant
Q6.
Which statement is most accurate?
Monasteries had many facilities for learning but none for sanitation.
Correct answer: Monasteries had many facilities for learning and also for sanitation.
Monasteries had many facilities for hospital care but none for sanitation.
Monasteries had many facilities for sanitation but none for learning.

Additional material

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