Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

      Medieval public health in towns and monasteries

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain why the quality of public health differed between medieval towns and monasteries.

      Key learning points

      1. Water in medieval towns was often contaminated by waste and sewage.
      2. Streets in towns were often dirty because of poor waste disposal.
      3. Actions to improve public health in towns had limited impact.
      4. The location of monasteries helped protect them from disease.
      5. Monasteries invested in good sanitation facilities.

      Keywords

      • Sanitation - a system for protecting people's health by removing dirt and waste

      • Public health - actions and systems intended to prevent disease and maintain good health within communities

      • Contaminate - to make something dirty or harmful to people’s health

      • Cesspit - a large underground hole that is used for collecting human waste

      • Privy - medieval name given to a toilet

      Common misconception

      Medieval people were not interested in good personal hygiene.

      Personal hygiene was considered important by most, but access to washing facilities was unequal so levels of personal hygiene differed considerably between different groups of the population, such as nuns and monks and poor residents of towns.

      Teacher tip

      After reading section D of the Additional Material, ask pupils to discuss the following: 'why do you think ordinary people didn't build privies when local authorities didn't?'. After they've done this, ask further: 'why does this suggest authorities have an important role to play in public health?'.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

      Loading...

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Arabic was the language of which religion in the medieval period?

      Correct Answer: Islam, Muslim, Islamic

      Q2.
      'The Canon of Medicine' listed the properties of how many different books?

      140
      390
      510
      Correct answer: 760

      Q3.
      Who was the author of 'The Canon of Medicine'?

      Al-Razi
      Correct answer: Ibn Sina
      Ibn al-Nafis

      Q4.
      Who wrote the book 'Doubts about Galen'?

      Correct answer: Al-Razi
      Ibn Sina
      Ibn al-Nafis

      Q5.
      What type of person first translated Islamic medical works to medieval Europe?

      a government official
      Correct answer: a merchant
      a priest
      a soldier

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following medical figures into chronological order based on when they lived and completed their work.

      1 - Hippocrates
      2 - Galen
      3 - Al-Razi
      4 - Guy de Chaulliac

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      refers to systems put in place for protecting people's health by removing dirt and waste.

      Correct Answer: Sanitation

      Q2.
      How did most medieval townspeople access the water they needed?

      Correct answer: from rivers
      Correct answer: from wells
      from taps in their homes

      Q3.
      Where were monasteries located?

      in the middle of towns
      on the outskirts of towns
      Correct answer: far away from towns

      Q4.
      In medieval towns, a lot of waste was disposed of by being thrown onto streets or into ...

      Correct Answer: rivers, water ways, streams, water supplies, the water supply

      Q5.
      Why didn't medieval townspeople bathe more regularly?

      believed it was harmful
      Correct answer: limited access and resources
      personal hygiene was considered unimportant

      Q6.
      Which statement is most accurate?

      Monasteries had many facilities for learning but none for sanitation.
      Correct answer: Monasteries had many facilities for learning and also for sanitation.
      Monasteries had many facilities for hospital care but none for sanitation.
      Monasteries had many facilities for sanitation but none for learning.

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: Medieval public health in towns and monasteries, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...