New
New
Year 10
AQA

Medieval surgery

I can evaluate the extent of progress made in medieval surgery.

New
New
Year 10
AQA

Medieval surgery

I can evaluate the extent of progress made in medieval surgery.

These resources will be removed by end of Summer Term 2025.

Switch to our new teaching resources now - designed by teachers and leading subject experts, and tested in classrooms.

These resources were created for remote use during the pandemic and are not designed for classroom teaching.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Medieval surgery was performed by barber-surgeons.
  2. Bloodletting was the most common form of medieval surgery.
  3. Barber-surgeons also performed procedures such as pulling teeth, amputations and trepanning.
  4. Pain, infection and blood loss were major problems of surgery.
  5. Despite some helpful developments, the major problems of surgery were not overcome in the medieval period.

Keywords

  • Invasive - in this context, medical treatments which involve cutting into the body

  • Amputation - the cutting off of a part of the body

  • Trepanning - surgery which involved drilling a hole into the skull

  • Anaesthetic - a substance that makes you unable to feel pain

  • Cauterisation - the action of burning body tissue using heat to stop an injury from bleeding or getting infected

Common misconception

There was no change in medieval surgery.

New developments did occur, such as the use of opium as an anaesthetic and wine to use against infection, but the impact of these was limited.


To help you plan your year 10 history lesson on: Medieval surgery, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

After reading through section E of the Additional Material, show pupils the image of an amputation from slide 26 again. Ask them to explain why there is a small fire with metal instruments in it shown on the right hand side and why the patient is shown being held down.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content
  • Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

Loading...

Prior knowledge starter quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
What was the purpose of bloodletting?
giving a person extra blood
Correct answer: draining a person of 'excess' blood
donating blood from one person to another
Q2.
What does the treatment of illness and disease involve?
acting before a person becomes unwell to protect their health
explaining what caused a person to become unwell
Correct answer: trying to restore the good health of someone who is unwell
Q3.
Herbal remedies which included mint could be good for treating what conditions?
fevers
flu
Correct answer: headaches
Correct answer: stomach pains
Q4.
Complete the sentence. Pomanders were used to protect people from ...
Correct Answer: miasma, bad smells, miasmas
Q5.
Identify the examples of purging.
acts of penance
Correct answer: bloodletting
pilgrimages
Correct answer: taking emetics
Q6.
When did the Theory of Opposites recommend people eat peppers?
if they had too much black bile
if they had too much blood
Correct answer: if they had too much phlegm
if they had too much yellow bile

Assessment exit quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
Which surgical procedure involves cutting off part of a person's body?
Correct Answer: amputation, amputate
Q2.
How did medieval barber-surgeons train?
Correct answer: observation
Correct answer: practice
university education
college education
Q3.
What was the most common medieval surgical procedure?
Correct Answer: bloodletting, blood-letting, blood letting
Q4.
Which medieval surgeon recommended using wine to help fight infections?
Galen
Guy de Chaulliac
Hippocrates
Correct answer: Theodoric of Lucca
Q5.
Match each of the major problems with medieval surgery with the methods which were mainly used to try and manage them.
Correct Answer:blood loss,cauterisation

cauterisation

Correct Answer:infection,using wine on wounds

using wine on wounds

Correct Answer:pain,providing patients with opium

providing patients with opium

Q6.
Which statement is most accurate about medieval surgery?
There were no changes during the medieval period.
Correct answer: There were some changes but the impact of these was limited.
There were significant changes which overcame the major problems of surgery.

Additional material

Download additional material