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      The role of Christianity in Medieval medicine

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can evaluate the impact of Christianity and the Church on medicine in medieval Britain.

      Key learning points

      1. Christianity and the Church had a lot of influence in medieval Britain.
      2. Christians believed that disease was sent by God.
      3. Many methods of treatment and prevention were religiously inspired, such as praying.
      4. University training for physicians was controlled by the Church.
      5. The Church ran hundreds of hospitals.

      Keywords

      • Institution - a large and important organisation

      Common misconception

      Hospitals were locations for people to be cured of their illnesses.

      Christian influences meant that medieval hospitals did not try to cure people's illnesses as this might appear to challenge God's will. Instead spiritual care was prioritised in hospitals.

      Teacher tip

      Before completing Task B, get pupils to discuss the following question in pairs: 'was the impact of the Church and Christianity the same in all areas of medicine and how can they tell?'. This may help pupils produce a more nuanced response to the question in Task B.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What does prescribing something involve?

      saying what is wrong with someone who is sick
      Correct answer: saying what medical treatment someone needs
      providing some form of medical treatment

      Q2.
      Which type of caregiver was most likely to taste a person's urine?

      apothecary
      barber-surgeon
      Correct answer: physician

      Q3.
      Which group of caregivers was most likely to be found in a medieval hospital?

      barber-surgeons
      Correct answer: nuns
      physicians
      wise women

      Q4.
      How did medieval hospitals try to keep their environments clean?

      Correct answer: changed bedding regularly
      killed germs
      provided face masks
      separated all patients

      Q5.
      Who created and sold medicines in the medieval period?

      Correct answer: apothecaries
      barber-surgeons
      physicians
      wise men

      Q6.
      Identify the most accurate description of wise men and women.

      People who had been university-trained to provide medical treatments.
      People who had worked as physicians, apothecaries and barber-surgeons.
      Correct answer: People who lacked training but had a local reputation for the care they offered.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What term refers to a large and important organisation?

      Correct Answer: institution

      Q2.
      Which of the following was controlled by the Church in the medieval period?

      banks
      parliament
      Correct answer: universities

      Q3.
      What type of care was prioritised in medieval hospitals?

      physical care
      Correct answer: spiritual care
      both physical and spiritual care

      Q4.
      The medieval Church encouraged belief in healing.

      Correct Answer: miraculous, miracle

      Q5.
      Which statement is most accurate?

      Correct answer: The Church approved of Galen's medical works.
      The Church disapproved of Galen's medical works.
      The Church was unaware of Galen's medical works.

      Q6.
      What did the monk Saint Bernard mean when he said “to buy drugs or consult with physicians doesn’t fit with religion”?

      Good treatment was too easy for most people to find.
      Barber-surgeons and apothecaries were too expensive.
      Correct answer: Spiritual health was more important than physical health.

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: The role of Christianity in Medieval medicine, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...