New
New
Year 11
Edexcel

The Cold War arms race

I can explain how the arms race led to an increase in Cold War tension between the USA and the USSR.

New
New
Year 11
Edexcel

The Cold War arms race

I can explain how the arms race led to an increase in Cold War tension between the USA and the USSR.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The establishment of NATO (1949) and the Warsaw Pact (1955) divided Europe into two rival alliance systems.
  2. The American development of the atomic bomb started an arms race between the USA and the USSR.
  3. In 1953, hopes that new leaders in the USA and USSR would improve relations were short-lived: the arms race continued.
  4. The development of ICBMs (1957) meant the USA and USSR could fire nuclear weapons at targets in different continents.
  5. Both the USA and the USSR developed huge stockpiles of nuclear weapons as a form of deterrence.

Keywords

  • Arms race - when countries compete with each other to build up their military strength

  • Superpower - a country that has great power and influence globally; the USA and USSR were superpowers during the Cold War period

  • Summit - a meeting between leaders to discuss significant issues or make important decisions

  • ICBM - intercontinental ballistic missile; missiles that could fire a nuclear warhead at targets in different continents

  • Deterrence - using the threat of force to prevent something from happening

Common misconception

NATO was established in response to Stalin setting up the Warsaw Pact.

The Warsaw Pact was a response to NATO's formation in April 1949 (following the Berlin Crisis and Soviet takeover of Czechoslovakia).

Encourage students to practise writing narrative accounts that focus on analysis rather than telling a story.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which keyword describes an attempt to prevent goods, people or supplies from entering or leaving a certain area?
Correct Answer: blockade, Blockade
Q2.
Which keyword describes the transportation of people or goods by air, often used when other forms of transport are not available?
Correct Answer: airlift, Airlift
Q3.
Complete the sentence with the two missing words: Stalin's response to the creation of and the introduction of the in 1948 led to the Berlin Crisis.
Bizonia
Correct answer: Trizonia
Euro
Correct answer: Deutschmark
Q4.
How many tonnes of supplies were being delivered to Berlin per day by the Allies by September 1948?
460 tonnes
Correct answer: 4600 tonnes
46000 tonnes
46 tonnes
Q5.
Which country left the Allied Control Commission in March 1948?
Correct answer: the USSR
France
the USA
Britain
Q6.
Which of the following were consequences of the Berlin Crisis?
Correct answer: persuaded Western countries to create a formal military alliance
Correct answer: the creation of FRG and GDR
Correct answer: significantly increased tensions between the USA and the USSR
significantly decreased tensions between the USA and the USSR
the creation of North Germany and South Germany

6 Questions

Q1.
Which keyword describes when countries compete with each other to build up their military strength?
Correct Answer: arms race, Arms race, Arms Race
Q2.
Complete the sentence with the correct years: The establishment of NATO in and the Warsaw Pact in divided Europe into two rival alliance systems.
1948
Correct answer: 1949
1950
1952
Correct answer: 1955
Q3.
What military technology was created in 1957 which significantly increased tensions between the USSR and the USA?
H-bomb
Correct answer: ICBMs
Sputnik 1
NASA
Q4.
Complete the sentence: Both the USA and the USSR developed huge stockpiles of nuclear weapons as a form of .
Correct Answer: deterrence, Deterrence
Q5.
How much did America spend on arms per year by 1953?
$13.5 billion
Correct answer: $49.6 billion
$13.4 billion
$35.5 billion
Q6.
What idea did the new Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, believe in which should have decreased Cold War tensions?
‘harmonial coexistence’
‘mutual coexistence’
Correct answer: ‘peaceful coexistence’
‘accepting coexistence’

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