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      Hospital care in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can evaluate the extent of change in hospital care in Britain between 1500 and 1800.

      Key learning points

      1. Many hospitals closed as a result of the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
      2. More general and specialist hospitals were set-up in the 17th and 18th centuries.
      3. After the 16th century, more medical professionals were employed in hospitals.
      4. Hospital treatments were often based on the Theory of the Four Humours.
      5. Hospital conditions became more unsanitary during the 18th century.

      Keywords

      • Dissolution - the act or process of closing an organisation

      • Unsanitary - dirty or unhealthy and therefore likely to cause disease

      Common misconception

      Treatments in hospitals became significantly more effective as more medical staff were employed there.

      Treatments in most hospitals continued to be based on the incorrect Theory of the Four Humours so unhelpful practices such as bloodletting remained common.

      Teacher tip

      To help pupils identify similarities and differences between medieval hospitals and those from the 16th-18th centuries, get them to complete a Venn diagram. Include things such as 'staff without medical training employed' and 'conditions often unsanitary'.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      refers to the movement of blood around the body.

      Correct Answer: circulation

      Q2.
      Galen incorrectly claimed that blood was made in the ...

      Correct Answer: liver

      Q3.
      Whose work was challenged by William Harvey's theories on blood circulation?

      Andreas Vesalius
      Correct answer: Galen
      Thomas Sydenham

      Q4.
      How many dissections were carried out by medical professors each year at Cambridge University in the late-16th century?

      0
      Correct answer: 2
      20
      200

      Q5.
      How did William Harvey's ideas affect the use of bloodletting as a medical treatment?

      Most physicians stopped recommending bloodletting.
      Physicians became evenly split on whether to recommend or avoid bloodletting.
      Correct answer: Most physicians continued to recommend bloodletting.

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following individuals into chronological order.

      1 - Hippocrates
      2 - Galen
      3 - Vesalius
      4 - Harvey

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What word is used to describe conditions which are dirty or unhealthy and are therefore likely to cause disease?

      Correct Answer: unsanitary

      Q2.
      The number of hospitals in England as a result of the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

      Correct Answer: decreased, reduced, fell, went down

      Q3.
      Who founded Guy's Hospital in London in 1724?

      Church of England
      the monarch
      Correct answer: a wealthy merchant

      Q4.
      Which groups were least likely to be found staffing 18th century hospitals?

      Correct answer: nuns
      physicians
      surgeons
      Correct answer: trained nurses

      Q5.
      How did conditions in hospitals change during the 18th century?

      Correct answer: became less sanitary
      remained the same
      became more sanitary

      Q6.
      Why was treatment in hospitals during the 18th century often ineffective?

      few medical staff worked in hospitals
      focused on spiritual, not physical, recovery
      Correct answer: often based on the Theory of the Four Humours

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: Hospital care in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...