New
New
Year 10
Edexcel

Medieval caregivers

I can explain the different types of medical care which were available to people in medieval Britain.

New
New
Year 10
Edexcel

Medieval caregivers

I can explain the different types of medical care which were available to people in medieval Britain.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Physicians observed their patients to diagnose their illnesses.
  2. Physicians were university-educated but were taught to accept many incorrect theories.
  3. Apothecaries made and sold medicines and barber-surgeons performed surgical procedures.
  4. Medieval hospitals cared for the sick but did not try to cure their patients' illnesses.
  5. Most medical care was accessed within local communities from family members and wise people.

Keywords

  • Diagnose - to say what is wrong with someone who is sick

  • Prescribe - to say what medical treatment someone needs

  • Monasteries - groups of buildings that are a home for religious men or women who live separately from other people

Common misconception

There was limited access to medical care in medieval Britain.

Although few people were able to afford physicians, most people were able to turn to other sources of care such as that offered by hospitals, wise people or members of their own family.


To help you plan your year 10 history lesson on: Medieval caregivers, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Get pupils to study the image on slide 20. Ask them to identify two ways in which the image suggests religion was an important part of medieval medical care. They may identify the crucifix shown in the middle and the people shown praying below.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering
  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content
  • Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Surgeries are considered because they involve cutting into the body.
Correct Answer: invasive
Q2.
Who performed medieval surgeries?
Correct Answer: barber-surgeons, barber surgeons
Q3.
Which of the following was not a major problem of medieval surgery?
blood loss
infection
pain
Correct answer: lack of surgeons
Q4.
Trepanning involved drilling a hole into which part of the body?
elbow
kneecap
shoulder blade
Correct answer: skull
Q5.
Which major problem of surgery was cauterisation used to try and manage?
Correct answer: blood loss
infection
pain
Q6.
Why was opium not used more commonly as a medieval anaesthetic?
Correct answer: could overdose patients
too weak to relive pain
its benefits were not known

Assessment exit quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
What word means 'to say what is wrong with someone who is sick'?
Correct Answer: diagnose, diagnosed
Q2.
Match each of the medieval caregivers to the correct description of their work.
Correct Answer:apothecary,made and sold medicines

made and sold medicines

Correct Answer:barber-surgeon,performed procedures such as bloodletting

performed procedures such as bloodletting

Correct Answer:physician,often observed the urine of their patients

often observed the urine of their patients

Q3.
Write the missing number. Over hospitals were founded in England between 1000 and 1500.
Correct Answer: 700
Q4.
houses were hospitals for lepers.
Correct Answer: Lazar
Q5.
How were most medieval physicians trained at university?
Correct answer: through book-led learning
through experimentation
through observation
Q6.
Which statement is most accurate?
The poor could not access any medical care in medieval Britain.
The poor mostly received medical care from trained caregivers.
Correct answer: The poor mostly received medical care from untrained caregivers.
The poor benefitted from free medical care provided by the Government.

Additional material

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