New
New
Year 6

Explain how adjusting the subtrahend affects the difference: reduction structure

I can explain how adjusting the subtrahend affects the difference in a reduction structure.

New
New
Year 6

Explain how adjusting the subtrahend affects the difference: reduction structure

I can explain how adjusting the subtrahend affects the difference in a reduction structure.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The more you subtract the less you are left with.
  2. The less you subtract the more you are left with.
  3. A number line can be used to represent the change in the subtrahend.

Keywords

  • Minuend - The minuend is the number being subtracted from.

  • Subtrahend - A subtrahend is a number subtracted from another.

  • Difference - The difference is the result after subtracting one number from another.

  • Adjust - When you adjust you make a change to a number. This is done to make a calculation easier to solve mentally.

Common misconception

Pupils might think that if the subtrahend increases or decreases then so too does the difference. They might find it initially difficult to understand the idea of the inverse in the context.

Give lots of practical examples of this such as emptying out bottles or eating sweets demonstrating an increase in the subtrahend and its effect on the difference.

You may wish to use the puzzles in Cycle 2 as a template for children to create their own puzzles. If you choose to do this, ensure you give them parameters so they create puzzles that are achievable without extravagant number choices.
Teacher tip

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which value in this bar model is the minuend?
An image in a quiz
Correct answer: 78
54
14
Q2.
Solve the following calculation mentally by adjusting the minuend and subtrahend. 251− 36 =
Correct Answer: 215
Q3.
Solve the following calculation mentally using unitisation. = 620 − 350
Correct Answer: 270
Q4.
Solve the following calculation mentally by adjusting the minuend and then the difference. 1,004 − 800 =
Correct Answer: 204
Q5.
Solve the following calculation using a mental strategy. = 202 − 47
Correct Answer: 155
Q6.
Find the missing number in the equation below by adjusting the minuend. = 749,000 − 21,000
Correct Answer: 728,000

6 Questions

Q1.
Which word completes the following sentence? The more we __________, the less we are left with.
add
Correct answer: subtract
Q2.
Which word completes the following sentence? The __________ the subtrahend, the smaller the difference.
Correct answer: greater
smaller
Q3.
Without calculating the value of each expression can you work out which symbol should go between these two expressions? 54 − 23 ___ 54 − 13
Correct answer: <
>
=
Q4.
Without calculating the value of each expression can you work out which symbol should go between these two expressions? 987 − 156 987 − 256
Correct Answer: >
Q5.
Without calculating the value of each expression can you work out which symbol should go between these two expressions? 578,234 − 512,293 578,234 − 502,293
Correct Answer: <
Q6.
Without calculating the value of each expression can you work out which symbol should go between these two expressions? 9.2 − 1.3 9.2 − 1.03
Correct Answer: <