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      Representing characters through music

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how leitmotifs are used in film music and have created a simple leitmotif.

      Key learning points

      1. Leitmotifs are musical ideas that represent ideas, characters or places.
      2. They were used in opera and became popular in films after the end of silent movies in the 1920s.
      3. Composers capture the important features of a character in a leitmotif to support the audience’s understanding of them.
      4. They do this by choosing suitable keys, pitch and rhythms, including the use of strong rhythms for powerful characters.
      5. By changing a leitmotif, a composer can reflect changes in that character or in the plot.

      Keywords

      • Leitmotif - a musical idea that represents a specific character, place or idea

      • Opera - an important genre of theatre and music through the 17th-19th century

      • Strong rhythms - rhythms which accent the strong beat (beat 1 in the bar) or mainly land on the beat; they are predictable and repetitive

      Common misconception

      A leitmotif and a film theme are the same thing.

      Not quite. Many films have themes that represent the overall mood, and can be heard throughout the film. The difference with a leitmotif is that it explicitly represents one thing - a character, place or an idea.

      Teacher tip

      Pupils can further explore their leitmotifs by changing instrumentation, or by adding chords. Encourage them to develop their leitmotif as this will support them later in extended composition. Consider exploring leitmotifs from Star Wars or Lord of the Rings for listening activities.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      When was the era of silent movies?

      1850s-1880s
      Correct answer: 1890s-1920s
      1910s-1940s
      1930s-1970s

      Q2.
      -mousing is when the music matches a character’s movements.

      Correct Answer: Mickey

      Q3.
      Which type of chord is very effective for creating a dramatic moment?

      major chord
      extended chord
      Correct answer: diminished seventh chord
      power chord
      minor chord

      Q4.
      Which of these is not a purpose of film music?

      Correct answer: to create a clear structure, including verses and choruses
      to tell the audience about characters or places
      to create tension and suspense
      to set the mood

      Q5.
      Which are typical features of silent movie chase music?

      steady tempo
      Correct answer: fast rhythms
      Correct answer: scalic runs
      complex harmony

      Q6.
      Which are typical features of suspenseful music in silent movies?

      gradual changes in dynamics
      Correct answer: sudden changes in articulation
      Correct answer: use of dramatic chords (e.g. diminished seventh)
      use of simple major harmony

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which are usually represented by leitmotifs?

      Correct answer: characters
      instruments
      Correct answer: places
      Correct answer: ideas
      key signatures

      Q2.
      What important genre of music first used leitmotif?

      symphony
      concerto
      Correct answer: opera
      jazz trio
      pop song

      Q3.
      What were the first movies that used recorded sound known as?

      soundies
      musicies
      Correct answer: talkies
      speakies
      hearies

      Q4.
      When did movies start using sound?

      1910s
      Correct answer: 1920s
      1940s
      1960s

      Q5.
      What type of tonality would best suit an evil character?

      Correct Answer: minor, minor tonality, minor key

      Q6.
      What type of rhythms would suit a character that is unpredictable?

      slow, consistent
      fast, repeated
      Correct answer: erratic, changing
      syncopated

      To help you plan your 9 music lesson on: Representing characters through music, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...