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      Composing a pentatonic melody

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can compose a simple pentatonic melody with lyrics.

      Key learning points

      1. Many folk melodies are based on pentatonic scales such as the G major pentatonic scale.
      2. The melodies usually have a small range and are conjunct, which makes them easier to sing and memorise.
      3. When writing a melody, we should consider those features.
      4. We can set lyrics to a melody, adjusting the rhythm to fit with the natural rhythm of the words.

      Keywords

      • G major pentatonic scale - a pentatonic scale consisting of the notes G, A, B, D and E

      • Phrase - a short section of a melody, normally lasting 1, 2 or 4 bars

      • ABAC structure - structure in music is how the different phrases or sections of music are organised; ABAC is three different sections of music (A B and C), with the first section (A) repeated after the B section

      Common misconception

      You can fit any lyrics to a melody.

      Lyrics or melody often have to be adjusted to fit each other. This can be because there are too many or too few words to fit in a phrase, or there are too many or too few notes to fit with the words. Trial and error is the best way to address this.

      Teacher tip

      If appropriate, some pupils may choose to write their own set of lyrics. Use the rhyme structure and line length of the example lyrics as a guide. This will work effectively as an extension for pupils with experience composing melodies and/or poetry.

      Equipment

      Keyboard instrument

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Folk songs typically have a __________ range.

      wide
      Correct answer: narrow
      medium
      no

      Q2.
      Which two are common features of folk melodies?

      wide leaps and complex rhythms
      Correct answer: repetition and stepwise movement
      regular key changes and loud dynamics
      unusual time signatures and fast tempo

      Q3.
      How many notes are in a pentatonic scale?

      Correct Answer: 5, five

      Q4.
      Which notes are missing from the G major pentatonic scale? G A E

      Correct answer: B and D
      C and F♯
      D and E
      A and B

      Q5.
      A semiquaver (sixteenth note) is worth how many beats?

      1
      ½
      Correct answer: ¼
      2

      Q6.
      A __________ is a short section of a melody, normally 1, 2 or 4 bars long.

      scale
      rhythm
      Correct answer: phrase
      harmony

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which two features make folk songs easier to learn and memorise?

      complex rhythms and wide range
      Correct answer: repetition and narrow range
      fast tempo and unusual instruments
      many key changes and loud dynamics

      Q2.
      Why is it important for folk music to be easy to learn and memorise?

      so it can be shared by writing it down
      so it can be played only on piano
      so it can be performed with an orchestra
      Correct answer: so it can be passed on by oral tradition

      Q3.
      A melody normally consists of short sections called what?

      scales
      chords
      Correct answer: phrases
      harmonies

      Q4.
      Which of these is NOT a common length for a phrase?

      1 bar
      2 bars
      4 bars
      Correct answer: 7 bars

      Q5.
      How is a pentatonic scale different from a major scale?

      it has more notes
      it uses only even notes
      Correct answer: it has 5 notes instead of 7
      it skips the 1st and 5th notes

      Q6.
      Which of these shows an balanced phrase structure?

      AAAA
      ABCD
      Correct answer: ABAC
      ABBB

      To help you plan your 7 music lesson on: Composing a pentatonic melody, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...