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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the functions of the cardiovascular system and how aerobic exercise affects our bodies.

      Key learning points

      1. Move: when moving, we work hard to maintain an effort that increases our heart rate.
      2. Think: when we move with increased effort, our heart beats faster to pump blood around the body.
      3. Feel: making sure we are working hard to increase our heart rate, when performing activities, shows integrity.
      4. Connect: when our body is working hard, we should be aware of others and encourage them to keep going.

      Keywords

      • Heart - a strong, muscular organ inside your chest that pumps blood around your body

      • Exercise - physical activity that improves or maintains health and fitness by strengthening muscles, heart and lungs

      • Cardiovascular system - the body’s system that delivers blood, oxygen and nutrients through the blood vessels

      Common misconception

      Some pupils might think that only oxygenated blood is transported around the body.

      The body's cardiovascular system includes a group of organs and muscles that manage oxgenated blood and deoxygenated blood.

      Teacher tip

      Useing red or blue objects in the lesson will help to visually represent blood leaving the heart (e.g. red and oxygen-rich) and blood going back towards the heart (e.g blue and oxygen-poor). However, highlight to pupils that blood is not blue in our body or veins.

      Equipment

      red and blue bean bags, 15 floor markers, three tall cones

      Content guidance

      Risk assessment required - physical activity

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What area of fitness means you have power to push/pull/lift/carry?

      stamina
      flexibility
      Correct answer: strength

      Q2.
      How do we measure heart rate?

      beats per second
      Correct answer: beats per minute
      beats per hour

      Q3.
      Which of these activities would increase your heart rate?

      Correct answer: running
      lying down
      balancing

      Q4.
      Which area of fitness is used when reaching down to touch your toes?

      strength
      Correct answer: flexibility
      stamina

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is your heart?

      a bone
      Correct answer: a muscle
      a blood vessel

      Q2.
      What does blood collect from the lungs that will help the muscles to keep working?

      Correct answer: oxygen
      water
      minerals

      Q3.
      Which of these systems help oxygenated and deoxygenated blood move around the body?

      digestive system
      central nervous system
      Correct answer: cardiovascular system

      Q4.
      What happens to our heart rate when we exercise?

      gets slower
      stays the same
      Correct answer: gets faster

      To help you plan your 5 physical education lesson on: The cardiovascular system, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...