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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain Christian beliefs about God as transcendent and immanent, and how these beliefs help respond to the problem of evil.

      Key learning points

      1. Most Christians believe God is transcendent, meaning that God exists outside of and beyond the universe.
      2. For many Christians, the belief that God is transcendent also means that God is beyond human understanding.
      3. God's transcendence can help explain evil; suffering may be part of a greater plan that only God knows.
      4. Most Christians also believe God is immanent, meaning that God is close, involved, and present in people’s lives.
      5. God's immanence, demonstrated through Jesus and the Holy Spirit, provides comfort and guidance during suffering.

      Keywords

      • Eternal - being without beginning or end; existing forever

      • Immanent - referring to something being present within, or close to something else; within Christianity this refers to the belief that God is close to creation and active in peoples' lives

      • Transcendent - beyond or above the range of normal or physical human experience; within Christianity this refers to the belief that God exists outside of the universe

      Common misconception

      God as transcendent means that God is not involved with or close to creation.

      God is both transcendent (beyond the universe) and immanent (close to creation) at the same time. God's immanence is demonstrated through Jesus, the Holy Spirit, miracles and the revelation of the Bible.

      Teacher tip

      You may wish to remind students of Christian beliefs about the incarnation and Jesus' crucifixion as a sacrifice during learning cycle two.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the meaning of omnibenevolent?

      Correct answer: God is all loving
      God knows everything
      God is all powerful

      Q2.
      Which of these is an example of moral evil?

      a volcano erupting
      a child getting sick
      Correct answer: a person stealing from a shop

      Q3.
      What is the inconsistent triad?

      a way to describe three types of evil
      Correct answer: an argument that God’s qualities can’t all be true if evil exists
      a list of sins made by Adam and Eve

      Q4.
      What does the free will defence try to explain?

      that evil is an illusion
      Correct answer: that God allows evil because people must be free to choose
      that God causes evil on purpose

      Q5.
      What lesson do many Christians learn from the story of Job?

      Correct answer: evil and suffering can be a test of faith
      only bad people suffer in life
      God has no control over suffering

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      What does it mean that God is transcendent?

      God is present in human emotions
      God lives in churches
      Correct answer: God exists beyond the universe

      Q2.
      Jesus taught his followers to pray to ‘Our Father in ’.

      Correct Answer: heaven, Heaven

      Q3.
      How is God’s immanence shown in Christianity?

      through the Tower of Babel
      Correct answer: through Jesus and the Holy Spirit
      through statues and rituals

      Q4.
      What does the word eternal mean in Christian belief?

      Correct answer: God exists forever with no beginning or end
      God is born again after each age
      God stops existing when the world ends

      Q5.
      God as transcendent means that God is not involved with or close to creation.

      True – God is beyond the universe and stays distant.
      Correct answer: False – God is both beyond and close to creation.
      False – God is involved only when miracles happen.

      To help you plan your 8 religious education lesson on: Transcendence and immanence, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...