New
New
Year 11
Edexcel B

Muslim responses to weapons of mass destruction

I can explain some of the issues surrounding weapons of mass destruction and Muslim and other responses to them.

New
New
Year 11
Edexcel B

Muslim responses to weapons of mass destruction

I can explain some of the issues surrounding weapons of mass destruction and Muslim and other responses to them.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Weapons of mass destruction include nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, which cause widespread, long-term harm.
  2. International treaties aim to ban or limit their use and spread.
  3. The Geneva Conventions and Islamic teachings both reject weapons that cause indiscriminate and excessive suffering.
  4. Muslim scholars argue that both the use and possession of weapons of mass destruction goes against Islamic principles.
  5. Ethical views differ: utilitarians focus on consequences, while Kantians and Muslims stress duty and sanctity of life.

Keywords

  • Biological weapons - a weapon of mass destruction which uses living organisms like bacteria, viruses or toxins to infect and damage the body

  • Chemical weapons - a weapon of mass destruction which uses man-made toxic substances to harm the body through inhalation, skin contact or eye exposure

  • Nuclear weapons - a weapon of mass destruction which uses a nuclear reaction to cause widespread damage and loss of life

  • Weapons of mass destruction - weapons which cause widespread, indiscriminate damage (e. g. nuclear, chemical, biological)

Common misconception

Islam allows weapons of mass destruction if used only for defence or deterrence.

Islamic teachings place strict limits on warfare. Most scholars believe that the indiscriminate and lasting harm caused by weapons of mass destruction violates Islamic rules, even if used only for deterrence.


To help you plan your year 11 religious education lesson on: Muslim responses to weapons of mass destruction, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Use case studies to illustrate the impact of the use of weapons of mass destruction.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

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5 Questions

Q1.
In Islam, war is only permitted in self-defence and must follow strict moral rules, like protecting .

Correct Answer: civilians, Civilians

Q2.
What does the term 'lesser jihad' refer to?

The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Correct answer: Armed struggle to protect Islam.
Daily prayers.

Q3.
What is the Islamic view of 'holy war'?

encouraged for spreading Islam
Correct answer: not part of classical Islamic teachings
required by all Muslims

Q4.
Extremists misuse terms like jihad, but their actions go against Islamic teachings on justice and .

Correct Answer: mercy, Mercy

Q5.
What was the Prophet’s approach to war?

destroy enemy cities
attack first
Correct answer: avoid war unless necessary

Assessment exit quiz

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5 Questions

Q1.
Which of the following is NOT considered a weapon of mass destruction (WMD)?

Anthrax bacteria.
Nuclear bomb.
Correct answer: A handgun.

Q2.
Both Geneva Conventions and Islamic teachings reject weapons that cause indiscriminate and excessive .

Correct Answer: suffering, Suffering

Q3.
Which Qur’anic principle is cited to limit warfare severity?

fight all enemies aggressively
Correct answer: do not exceed limits
avoid all warfare

Q4.
Why are both possession and use condemned by scholars?

they are expensive
because they are outdated
Correct answer: they cause disproportionate and uncontrolled suffering

Q5.
Utilitarians focus on consequences, while Kantians and Muslims stress duty and of life.

Correct Answer: sanctity, Sanctity