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      Menstruation and how cycles change with age

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how menstrual cycles change with age.

      Key learning points

      1. Menstruation is often irregular in young females.
      2. Perimenopause is often shown in irregular cycles, sleep difficulties, foggy thoughts, and is caused by hormonal changes.
      3. There is support available if someone is experiencing perimenopausal or menopausal symptoms.

      Keywords

      • Fertility - how well a person can produce eggs or sperm and achieve pregnancy

      • Menarche - pronounced men-ar-kee; the time when a female has her first period

      • Menopause - when a female’s monthly periods end and the body stops releasing eggs, typically occurring in their mid-50s

      • Perimenopause - the transition period before menopause when a female's hormone levels change, leading to irregular periods and other symptoms

      Common misconception

      Once menstruation starts, a female will get one period a month until they experience the menopause.

      Most menstruating females experience between 11 - 13 menstrual cycles per year. However, pregnancy, stress, weight fluctuation, holidays and hormone changes can all disrupt cycles and therefore not everyone experiences a period ‘once a month’.

      Teacher tip

      This lesson looks at menstruation and the changes that occur to the female body during puberty and beyond. This lesson covers general details of the menstrual cycle, but it may be necessary to offer greater depth if this has not been covered previously.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sexual content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Menstrual cycles last approximately days.

      Correct Answer: 28, twenty eight, twenty-eight

      Q2.
      Which of these is a good piece of advice for someone experiencing PMS?

      eat lots of comfort food high in sugar
      Correct answer: drink lots of water to stay hydrated
      don't exercise; rest your body

      Q3.
      What age range does puberty begin on average?

      10 - 15 years
      Correct answer: 8 - 14 years
      9 - 16 years

      Q4.
      What is PCOS?

      Correct answer: PCOS is a condition that affects how the ovaries work.
      PCOS is a symptom of puberty.
      PCOS is a condition experienced by every female.

      Q5.
      Which of these are symptoms of endometriosis?

      Correct answer: severe period pain
      panic attacks
      Correct answer: pelvic pain
      insomnia

      Q6.
      PMDD stands for ...

      Correct answer: premenstrual dysphoric disorder
      premenstrual debilitating disorder
      premenstrual disorder

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the word to the correct definition.

      Correct Answer:menopause,when a female's monthly periods end and the body stops producing eggs

      when a female's monthly periods end and the body stops producing eggs

      Correct Answer:perimenopause,the transition period before menopause

      the transition period before menopause

      Correct Answer:menstruation,the period of fertility

      the period of fertility

      Correct Answer:menarche,the time when someone has their first period

      the time when someone has their first period

      Q2.
      Put the four phases of the menstrual cycle in order, starting with the earliest.

      1 - pre-menstruation
      2 - menstruation
      3 - pre-ovulation
      4 - ovulation

      Q3.
      What forms can hormone replacement therapy (HRT) take during perimenopause?

      Correct answer: tablets
      Correct answer: gel
      injection
      Correct answer: patch

      Q4.
      can help relieve many symptoms of perimenopause.

      Correct Answer: Exercise, A healthy diet, Mindfulness, HRT, A healthy lifestyle

      Q5.
      Menstrual cycles can be disrupted by ...

      Correct Answer: pregnancy

      Q6.
      True or False? Menstruation is often irregular in young people.

      Correct answer: True, because cycles take time to regulate after they first start.
      True, because young people don't produce enough hormones.
      False, because all cycles are regular from the very first period.
      False, because irregularity only happens in older people.

      To help you plan your 9 RSHE (PSHE) lesson on: Menstruation and how cycles change with age, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...