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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how fertility changes during the menstrual cycle and how it changes over a life course.

      Key learning points

      1. Fertility varies throughout the menstrual cycle, with the highest chance of conception occurring during ovulation.
      2. Fertility declines with age for both men and women.
      3. Menopause marks the end of a woman's reproductive years and significantly impacts fertility.
      4. Lifestyle choices affect fertility for men and women.

      Keywords

      • Ovulation - the release of eggs from the ovaries, a key part of the female reproductive cycle

      • Fertility - how well a person can produce eggs or sperm and achieve pregnancy

      • Menopause - when a female’s monthly periods end and the body stops releasing eggs, typically occurring in their mid-50s

      Common misconception

      Menopause occurs at the same age for all women.

      Menopause typically occurs around age 55 but can vary greatly.

      Teacher tip

      You may want to work with your Science Department to ensure common language and approaches.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of sexual content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word means the period from conception to birth?

      Correct Answer: gestation

      Q2.
      relates to the care and support given during pregnancy and before birth.

      Correct Answer: Antenatal

      Q3.
      What does each trimester represent during pregnancy?

      Correct answer: different stages of the foetus' development
      what the baby is going to like and dislike when it grows up
      Correct answer: changes in the expectant mother's body
      what types of symptoms the expectant mother will experience

      Q4.
      At what point is the embryo now referred to as the foetus?

      Correct answer: 8 weeks
      12 weeks
      14 weeks
      27 weeks

      Q5.
      Match the foetus' developmental stage with the correct trimester.

      Correct Answer:first trimester,the foetus' brain, spinal cord and major organs begin to form

      the foetus' brain, spinal cord and major organs begin to form

      Correct Answer:second trimester,the foetus can hear sounds from outside the womb

      the foetus can hear sounds from outside the womb

      Correct Answer:third trimester,the foetus' organs mature and their lungs develop fully

      the foetus' organs mature and their lungs develop fully

      Q6.
      Put the developmental stages of a foetus in the correct order, starting with the earliest.

      1 - the heart starts beating
      2 - the organs have formed
      3 - an ultrasound can tell the sex
      4 - movements can be felt
      5 - moves into a head-down position

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which phase of the menstrual cycle has the highest chance of conception?

      menstrual phase
      Correct answer: ovulation phase
      follicular phase
      luteal phase

      Q2.
      A female's fertility with age, particularly after 35, due to a decrease in the number and quality of eggs.

      Correct Answer: declines, decreases, reduces, changes

      Q3.
      Match the term to its correct definition.

      Correct Answer:ovulation,the release of an egg from the ovaries

      the release of an egg from the ovaries

      Correct Answer:fertility,how well a person can produce eggs or sperm and achieve pregnancy

      how well a person can produce eggs or sperm and achieve pregnancy

      Correct Answer:menopause,when a female's monthly periods end and the body stops releasing eggs

      when a female's monthly periods end and the body stops releasing eggs

      Correct Answer:lifestyle choices,factors which can affect fertility in both males and females

      factors which can affect fertility in both males and females

      Q4.
      At approximately what age does menopause typically occur?

      30
      Correct answer: 55
      70
      25

      Q5.
      Why does female fertility change with age?

      the uterus stops working after age 35
      hormones completely stop being produced at age 40
      Correct answer: the number and quality of eggs decrease over time
      women don't want to have children over the age of 25

      Q6.
      Put the phases of the menstrual cycle in order, starting with the earliest.

      1 - menstruation
      2 - the follicular phase
      3 - ovulation
      4 - the luteal phase

      To help you plan your 11 RSHE (PSHE) lesson on: The fertility cycle, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...