New
New
Year 5

How scientists work

I can describe how some scientists control variables and why some scientists do not.

New
New
Year 5

How scientists work

I can describe how some scientists control variables and why some scientists do not.

warning

These resources will be removed by end of Summer Term 2025.

Switch to our new teaching resources now - designed by teachers and leading subject experts, and tested in classrooms.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Scientists who investigate materials often control, measure and change variables.
  2. Control variables are variables that are kept the same throughout an investigation.
  3. There are some types of investigations where some, but not all, variables can be controlled.
  4. Astronomers make observations and look for patterns in their data, however, they cannot control variables in space.
  5. The 21st century astronomer Maggie Aderin–Pocock makes her observations using instruments on satellites in space.

Keywords

  • Control variable - Control variables are variables that are kept the same throughout an investigation.

  • Variables - A variable is something that can be changed, measured or kept the same in a comparative or fair test.

  • Microorganism - A microorganism is a very tiny living thing.

  • Antiseptic - An antiseptic is used to prevent the growth of microorganisms.

  • Astronomer - An astronomer is a scientist who studies the night sky, including stars and planets.

Common misconception

Scientific enquiry is only valid if variables can be controlled and changed.

Teaching slides will explain how some scientist cannot control variables and look for patterns in data and observations instead.

Encourage teachers to recognise that there are many type of scientific enquiry and, in some cases, scientists such as astronomers, cannot control variables. Instead, they look for patterns in data based on observations.
Teacher tip

Equipment

None required.

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

Loading...

6 Questions

Q1.
Which of the following describes a scientist?
An image in a quiz
A person who helps bring new life into the world.
A person who keeps people safe and well in the world.
Correct answer: A person who finds answers to questions about the world by doing experiments.
Q2.
What do astronomers study?
The rock beneath Earth’s surface.
Correct answer: The night sky, including stars and planets.
Star signs and predictions of the future.
Materials and their properties.
Q3.
What is a variable?
Correct answer: Something that can be changed, measured or kept the same in an investigation.
Something that should never be changed in an investigation.
Something that can get hotter or colder in an investigation.
Q4.
If you control a variable, what do you do to it?
change it
it depends on the investigation
nothing
Correct answer: keep it the same
Q5.
Match the following key words to their description.
Correct Answer:Observations ...,are things which you notice using your senses.

are things which you notice using your senses.

Correct Answer:Predictions ...,are statements describing what you think will happen.

are statements describing what you think will happen.

Correct Answer:Conclusions ... ,are statements describing what the results mean.

are statements describing what the results mean.

Q6.
What is at the centre of our solar system?
An image in a quiz
Earth’s moon
Earth
Correct answer: the Sun
people

6 Questions

Q1.
How do astronomers work scientifically?
An image in a quiz
They control variables within investigations.
Correct answer: They make and record many observations and look for patterns in their data.
They handle, change and mix materials.
Q2.
What are control variables?
Variables that are changed in an investigation.
Variables that are not included in an investigation.
Correct answer: Variables that are kept the same in an investigation.
Q3.
What did Sarah Gilbert’s tests result in?
An image in a quiz
a tonsilitis vaccine
Correct answer: a COVID–19 vaccine
a common cold vaccine
a flu vaccine
Q4.
True or false? There are some types of investigations where some, but not all, variables can be controlled.
An image in a quiz
Correct answer: true
false
Q5.
How does the space scientist Maggie Aderin–Pocock make her observations?
An image in a quiz
Using instruments in satellites in the oceans.
Using instruments in satellites on Earth.
Correct answer: Using instruments in satellites in space.
Q6.
Match the type of scientist to how they work with variables.
Correct Answer:Materials scientists ... ,are often able to control variables in their investigations.

are often able to control variables in their investigations.

Correct Answer:Astronomers ...,are unable to control variables in their investigations.

are unable to control variables in their investigations.

Q3 Escv2021/Wikimedia Commons Images Q5 Science and Technology Facilities Council / Wikimedia Commons Images