New
New
Year 8

Power stations

I can describe how burning fuels can be used to generate electricity.

New
New
Year 8

Power stations

I can describe how burning fuels can be used to generate electricity.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Non-renewable energy resources cannot be replaced in our lifetime once they are used up.
  2. A fuel can be burned to change water to steam.
  3. Steam generated in power stations is at a high pressure and turns massive turbines at high speed.
  4. Spinning turbines in power stations turns electrical generators that generate electricity.
  5. Burning coal, oil or gas in power stations makes carbon dioxide gas and other pollutants.

Keywords

  • Turbine - In a power station is a series of angled blades that turn electrical generators that produce electricity.

  • Pollutants - Substances that harm living organisms when released into the environment.

  • Non-renewable energy resource - Cannot be replaced in our lifetime once they are used up.

  • Greenhouse gas - A gas that helps to trap 'heat' in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour are greenhouse gases.

  • Fuel - A substance that releases energy when burned.

Common misconception

Students may not recognise that non-renewable fossil fuels have advantages. These advantages include being able to release a lot of energy when burned and that they are also relatively easy to source.

Explain that electricity demands are increasing and so it is important that power stations are able to generate electricity when needed or power cuts will happen. Until viable alternatives are readily available, fossil fuels will still be used.

Use the key term 'generate electricity' rather than 'make electricity'. Find out about the nearest power station to your school and what fuel is used there.
Teacher tip

Equipment

None required.

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Match the following terms to the correct definitions.
Correct Answer:combustion,A substance is burned and reacts with oxygen to release energy.

A substance is burned and reacts with oxygen to release energy.

Correct Answer:exothermic,Any type of reaction that transfers energy to the surrounding.

Any type of reaction that transfers energy to the surrounding.

Correct Answer:fuel,A substance that releases its stored energy during combustion.

A substance that releases its stored energy during combustion.

Correct Answer:oxidation,A type of reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen.

A type of reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen.

Q2.
In a chemical reaction the in the reactants are rearranged to form new substances.
Correct Answer: atoms
Q3.
Which of the following are required for the combustion of a fuel?
Correct answer: source of heat
Correct answer: oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
Q4.
Which of the following equations shows the complete combustion of charcoal (carbon)?
Correct answer: C + O₂ → CO₂
C + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
C + CO₂ → H₂O
C + H₂O → CO₂
Q5.
Which of the following are examples of non-renewable fuels?
Correct answer: coal
Correct answer: crude oil
biofuel
wind
Q6.
Select all the products of this complete combustion: CH₄ + O₂ → ...
Correct answer: carbon dioxide
Correct answer: water
hydrogen
oxygen

6 Questions

Q1.
Match the following terms to the correct definitions.
Correct Answer:turbine,Series of angled blades that turns a generator in a power station.

Series of angled blades that turns a generator in a power station.

Correct Answer:generator,Generates electricity when turned.

Generates electricity when turned.

Correct Answer:pollutant,Substance that harms living organisms if released into the environment

Substance that harms living organisms if released into the environment

Correct Answer:greenhouse gas,A gas that traps 'heat' in the atmosphere.

A gas that traps 'heat' in the atmosphere.

Q2.
Non-renewable fuels have many advantages and disadvantages. Which of the following are examples of advantages of using non-renewable fuels?
They are a finite resource and will eventually run out.
Correct answer: They release a lot of energy when burned.
Correct answer: They are relatively easy to source.
They release carbon dioxide; a greenhouse gas.
Q3.
Sulfur dioxide gas can be released when fossil fuels are burned. Which problems are caused by the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere?
global dimming
global warming
Correct answer: acid rain
Correct answer: breathing diffculties
Q4.
Place the following statements in the correct order to explain how electricity is generated in a power station. The sequence should start with 'fuel is burned'.
1 - Fuel is burned.
2 - Water is heated to form steam.
3 - High pressure steam turns turbines.
4 - Spinning turbines turn electrical generators.
5 - Electrical generators generate electricity.
Q5.
Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon particulates are all examples of ...
Correct Answer: pollutants, pollution, air pollution
Q6.
True or false? Wood pellets can be used in power stations as an alternative to fossil fuels.
Correct answer: true
false