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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe people using 'son' and 'estan'.

      Vocabulary and transcripts for this lessons

      Key learning points

      1. The vowel [i] is a weak vowel and it merges with [a], [e] and [o] to make a single syllable.
      2. There are two verbs 'to be, being' in Spanish: 'ser' and 'estar'.
      3. From the verb ‘estar’, 'están' is 'they are' for location and temporary states.
      4. From the verb ‘ser’, 'son' is 'they are' for general traits.
      5. To describe more than one noun, plural masculine adjectives end in -os, feminine in -as; adjectives ending in -e add -s.

      Keywords

      • Weak vowel - the vowels [i] and [u] which merge with [a], [e] and [o] to make a single syllable

      • Están - 'they are' for location and temporary state, part of the verb 'estar'

      • Son - 'they are' for general traits, part of the verb 'ser'

      • Adjective - a word that gives information about a noun

      Common misconception

      There is only one way to say 'they are' in Spanish.

      There are two verbs meaning to be, being. To say 'they are' for location and temporary state, we use 'estan' from the verb 'estar'. To say 'we are' for general traits, we use 'son' from the verb 'ser'.

      Teacher tip

      To informally assess pupils' understanding, you could add additional sentences to the last activity, asking pupils to change the adjectives accordingly and write them on whiteboards for quick checking. Pupils could work in pairs to complete this.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the Spanish to the English.

      Correct Answer:escribir,to write, writing

      to write, writing

      Correct Answer:escuchar,to listen, listening

      to listen, listening

      Correct Answer:pronunciar,to pronounce, pronouncing

      to pronounce, pronouncing

      Correct Answer:ser,to be, being (permanent traits)

      to be, being (permanent traits)

      Correct Answer:leer,to read, reading

      to read, reading

      Correct Answer:estar,to be, being (temporary states)

      to be, being (temporary states)

      Q2.
      Order the words to say 'normally they are very silly in class'.

      1 - normalmente
      2 - son
      3 - muy
      4 - tontos
      5 - en
      6 - el
      7 - clase

      Q3.
      Order the days of the week from the first to the last day. Start with Monday.

      1 - lunes
      2 - martes
      3 - miércoles
      4 - jueves
      5 - viernes
      6 - sábado
      7 - domingo

      Q4.
      Which words could describe both masculine and feminine subjects in a sentence?

      Correct answer: independientes
      nerviosos
      Correct answer: diferentes
      raros
      serias

      Q5.
      'Las niñas siempre son amables.' Translate this sentence into English.

      Correct Answer: The girls are always kind, The girls are kind always

      Q6.
      'Today, my friend is calm.' Translate this sentence into Spanish.

      Correct Answer: Hoy, mi amigo está tranquilo, Hoy, mi amiga está tranquila

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word means 'tired'?

      independiente
      Correct answer: cansado
      curisoso
      positivo
      activo

      Q2.
      'Esta mañana, mis __________ están muy serios.' Which word best completes this sentence?

      cielo
      clases
      Correct answer: profesores
      canción
      profesor

      Q3.
      Match the Spanish to the English.

      Correct Answer:después,afterwards

      afterwards

      Correct Answer:demasiado,too

      too

      Correct Answer:hoy,today

      today

      Correct Answer:también,as well

      as well

      Correct Answer:pero,but

      but

      Correct Answer:normalmente,normally

      normally

      Q4.
      Match the Spanish to the English.

      Correct Answer:comer,to eat, eating

      to eat, eating

      Correct Answer:jugar,to play, playing

      to play, playing

      Correct Answer:llevar,to wear, wearing

      to wear, wearing

      Correct Answer:preparar,to prepare, preparing

      to prepare, preparing

      Correct Answer:querer,to want, wanting

      to want, wanting

      Q5.
      'Los estudiantes a menudo son contentos.' Translate this sentence into English.

      Correct Answer: The students are often happy, The students are happy often

      Q6.
      'They are tired but curious.' Translate this sentence into Spanish.

      Correct Answer: Están cansadas pero curiosas, Están cansados pero curiosos.

      To help you plan your 5 Spanish lesson on: How are they? 'Son' and 'están', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...