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      People: 'ser' and 'estar' singular persons

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can talk about people's traits and states using 'ser' and 'estar'.

      Vocabulary and transcripts for this lessons

      Key learning points

      1. The weak vowel [u] when next to [a], [e] and [o] becomes a single syllable.
      2. The verb 'ser' means 'to, be, being' and it is used to describe permanent traits.
      3. The verb 'estar' means 'to, be, being' and it is used to describe temporary states/moods.
      4. Adjectives like 'listo' and 'malo' have different meanings depending on which verb is used: 'ser' or 'estar'.

      Keywords

      • Weak vowel - vowel that is not strong or dominant in pronunciation, e.g. the letter [u]

      • Ser - verb 'to be, being' used to describe permanent traits

      • Estar - verb 'to be, being' used to describe temporary state/mood and location

      Common misconception

      It doesn't matter which Spanish translation of the verb 'to be' we use, as they both mean 'to be, being'.

      The verb 'ser' is used to talk about permanent traits, and the verb 'estar' is used to talk about temporary states/moods and location.

      Teacher tip

      The teacher might want to set a different time limit for task B1.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      The verb 'ser' means 'to be, being' and is used to describe traits.

      Correct Answer: permanent

      Q2.
      The verb 'estar' means 'to be, being' and is used to describe states/moods.

      Correct Answer: temporary

      Q3.
      Match the Spanish and English.

      Correct Answer:soy,I am

      I am

      Correct Answer:eres,you are

      you are

      Correct Answer:es,she, he, it is

      she, he, it is

      Correct Answer:somos,we are

      we are

      Correct Answer:son,they are

      they are

      Q4.
      Match the Spanish and English.

      Correct Answer:estoy,I am

      I am

      Correct Answer:estás,you are

      you are

      Correct Answer:está,she, he, it is

      she, he, it is

      Correct Answer:estamos,we are

      we are

      Correct Answer:están,they are

      they are

      Q5.
      Match the Spanish and English.

      Correct Answer:feo,ugly

      ugly

      Correct Answer:guapo,beautiful

      beautiful

      Correct Answer:raro,strange

      strange

      Correct Answer:alegre,cheerful

      cheerful

      Correct Answer:simpático,nice

      nice

      Correct Answer:feliz,happy

      happy

      Q6.
      Translate into Spanish: 'She is normally calm.'

      Correct Answer: Normalmente es tranquila., Es tranquila normalmente.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What happens when a weak vowel is next to a strong vowel?

      The [u] becomes a separate syllable.
      Correct answer: The [u] merges with the strong vowel to form one syllable.
      The [u] always carries the stress in the word.
      The [u] disappears from the pronunciation.

      Q2.
      Which word does not include a weak vowel and strong vowel combination?

      igual
      puerta
      aguantar
      Correct answer: idea
      lengua

      Q3.
      Match the Spanish and English.

      Correct Answer:contento,happy

      happy

      Correct Answer:listo,smart, ready

      smart, ready

      Correct Answer:malo,ill, bad

      ill, bad

      Correct Answer:triste,sad

      sad

      Correct Answer:fuerte,strong

      strong

      Q4.
      Which words have a similar meaning to 'contento'?

      Correct answer: feliz
      igual
      limpio
      Correct answer: alegre
      triste

      Q5.
      'You are clever.' Choose the correct translation.

      Estoy listo.
      Soy listo.
      Está listo.
      Correct answer: Eres listo.
      Es listo.

      Q6.
      Write in Spanish: 'I am ill.'

      Correct Answer: Estoy malo.

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