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      How does sentencing in England and Wales compare to elsewhere?

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe different countries’ approaches to sentencing and evaluate their effectiveness.

      Key learning points

      1. Different countries use different sentencing guidelines, some are rehabilitation focused others are retribution focused.
      2. Scotland uses a different legal system to England and Wales and therefore has different sentencing guidelines.
      3. Custodial sentencing exists everywhere but can look very different, e.g. Norweigan prisons are theraputic and home-like.
      4. Youth justice is different depending on the country and how they view culpability for this age.

      Keywords

      • Sentencing - the process of giving a punishment to a person found guilty in a court case

      • Rehabilitation - in this context, the process of returning to, or helping someone return to, a healthy or good way of life, after they have offended

      • Retribution - a response to criminal behavior that focuses on holding offenders accountable through punishment

      • Reoffending - when someone commits another crime after previously being convicted or punished for one

      Common misconception

      All countries sentence in the same way as each other.

      Although sentencing within a country follows sentencing guidelines, these can vary vastly between each other, e.g. the USA is able to pass the death penalty in some states.

      Teacher tip

      Encourage students to consider the reasons for different types of sentencing rather than just focusing on the initial justice.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the sentence type to its description.

      Correct Answer:custodial sentence,spending time in prison

      spending time in prison

      Correct Answer:community sentence,carrying out work to pay back your local area

      carrying out work to pay back your local area

      Correct Answer:fine,paying money

      paying money

      Correct Answer:discharge,no further punishment

      no further punishment

      Q2.
      Which might be classed as rehabilitation focused sentencing?

      Death penalty
      Life without parole
      Correct answer: Drug addiction treatment
      Life sentence

      Q3.
      Which might be classed as retribution focused sentencing?

      Alcohol addiction treatment
      Counselling
      Education support
      Correct answer: Life sentence

      Q4.
      What do victims also need to receive via sentencing?

      Correct Answer: Justice, Retribution

      Q5.
      Order these UK sentences with the harshest and most severe first.

      1 - Life without parole
      2 - Life sentence
      3 - Determinate sentence
      4 - Discharge

      Q6.
      What is the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales?

      Correct Answer: 10, ten, ten years old, 10 years old

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which two countries share a legal system?

      Scotland and Wales
      Scotland and England
      Wales and Norway
      Correct answer: England and Wales
      England and the USA

      Q2.
      What age do Scotland view young offenders?

      18 and under
      21 and under
      16 and under
      Correct answer: 24 and under

      Q3.
      In Scotland, why are judges discouraged from giving prison sentences of 12 months or less?

      It makes judges look weak and too offender focused.
      Correct answer: Disruption of prison makes rehabilitation hard.
      The paperwork of short sentences is lengthy.

      Q4.
      What is a factor used to decide how effective a country's sentencing is?

      Correct Answer: Reoffending rates, Reoffending rate

      Q5.
      Why do Norway spend a lot of money on prison and prisoners?

      So they don't recieve complaints from their families
      Correct answer: To ensure that offenders are rehabilitated
      To reduce prison riots and attacks against guards
      To encourage a positive media response to sentencing

      Q6.
      Complete this sentence: In Norway the use of a prison sentence is seen as a last ...

      Correct Answer: resort, option, choice

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