New
New
Year 8

Who should do what? Meanings of 'sollen', 'müssen', 'dürfen'

Learning outcomes

I can use 'sollen' to say who should do what and to express probability, and apply my knowledge of language to link unfamiliar vocabulary to word families.

I can correctly pronounce [pf].

New
New
Year 8

Who should do what? Meanings of 'sollen', 'müssen', 'dürfen'

Learning outcomes

I can use 'sollen' to say who should do what and to express probability, and apply my knowledge of language to link unfamiliar vocabulary to word families.

I can correctly pronounce [pf].

These resources will be removed by end of Summer Term 2025.

Switch to our new teaching resources now - designed by teachers and leading subject experts, and tested in classrooms.

These resources were created for remote use during the pandemic and are not designed for classroom teaching.

Lesson details

Vocabulary and transcripts for this lessons

Key learning points

  1. Pronounce both letters in the sound-symbol correspondence [pf] in German.
  2. The English spelling 'p' often corresponds to [pf] in German.
  3. Use your existing knowledge of language to understand meanings of unfamiliar words and to identify word families.
  4. Use the modal verb 'sollen' to mean ‘should', 'be supposed to’ in expectations or obligations, and for probability.
  5. Use the modal verb 'müssen' to mean ‘must’ and the modal verb 'dürfen' to mean ‘may', 'allowed’.

Keywords

  • [pf] - pronounced as in 'Apfel', 'Pferd'

  • Modal verb - verb of necessity or possibility ('must', 'can', 'want') used with a 2nd verb in infinitive, which goes to the end

  • Sollen - modal verb meaning 'should', 'be supposed to', 'ought to'

Common misconception

Always use 'müssen' in negative sentences to translate the idea of 'must not' in English.

English often uses 'must not' in lieu of 'don't have to', 'not allowed to' and 'should not'. However, you should use the correct modal verb in German to express these ideas, e.g. 'du musst nicht', 'du darfst nicht', 'du sollst nicht'.


To help you plan your year 8 German lesson on: Who should do what? Meanings of 'sollen', 'müssen', 'dürfen', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Focus on the cross-linguistic differences between the translation of 'must not' by using mini-whiteboard activities to support the checks for understanding in learning cycle 3.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

Loading...

Some of our videos, including non-English language videos, do not have captions.

Prior knowledge starter quiz

Download quiz pdf

6 Questions

Q1.
Which word means 'without'?
alleine
kein
mit
Correct answer: nicht
ohne
Q2.
Match the German and English.
Correct Answer:erklären,to explain, explaining

to explain, explaining

Correct Answer:erlauben,to allow, allowing

to allow, allowing

Correct Answer:erzählen,to tell, telling

to tell, telling

Correct Answer:gefallen,to like, liking

to like, liking

Correct Answer:tun,to do, doing

to do, doing

Correct Answer:versuchen,to try, trying

to try, trying

Q3.
Match the German and English.
Correct Answer:Spaß (m),fun

fun

Correct Answer:Kuchen (m),cake

cake

Correct Answer:Geschichte (f),story, history

story, history

Correct Answer:Pferd (nt),horse

horse

Correct Answer:Meinung (f),opinion

opinion

Correct Answer:Wahrheit (f),truth

truth

Q4.
Order the words to say: 'they gave us a gift'.
1 - sie
2 - haben
3 - uns
4 - ein
5 - Geschenk
6 - gegeben
Q5.
Write in English: 'unsere Tasche ist schwer'.
Correct Answer: our bag is heavy, our bag's heavy
Q6.
Write in German: 'we helped'.
Correct Answer: wir haben geholfen, wir halfen

Assessment exit quiz

Download quiz pdf

4 Questions

Q1.
In which words does [pf] in German correspond to [p] in English?
Kopf
Knopf
Pferd
Correct answer: Pfund
Correct answer: Pfeffer
Q2.
'Essen' means 'to eat'. Match the German and English vocabulary from this word family.
Correct Answer:essbar,edible

edible

Correct Answer:fressen,to eat, eating (animals)

to eat, eating (animals)

Correct Answer:überessen,to overeat, eat too much

to overeat, eat too much

Correct Answer:Fleischesser (m),meat-eater, carnivore

meat-eater, carnivore

Correct Answer:Esstisch (m),dining table

dining table

Correct Answer:Esszimmer (nt),dining room

dining room

Q3.
Match the German and English.
Correct Answer:du musst nicht,you don't have to

you don't have to

Correct Answer:du darfst nicht,you're not allowed to

you're not allowed to

Correct Answer:du sollst nicht,you shouldn't (it's a bad idea)

you shouldn't (it's a bad idea)

Q4.
Write in German: 'you should go'.
Correct Answer: du sollst gehen

Additional material

Download additional material