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      Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: flexibility

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can safely perform PNF stretches with a partner and explain how it can help my training.

      Key learning points

      1. Move: increasing overload using FITT pushes the body beyond its current level.
      2. Move: combining stretches and muscular contractions is required to perform proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
      3. Think: reflecting on the effectiveness of adjustments using the FITT principle ensures appropriate progression.
      4. Feel: having courage to trust a partner enables a wider range of performance enhancing stretches.
      5. Connect: working in pairs with clear communication and trust helps pupils to stretch safely and effectively.

      Keywords

      • PNF - a type of partner assisted stretching that combines muscle contractions with deep stretching to improve flexibility

      • Contraction - tensing or shortening of a muscle

      • Overload - working the body harder than it is used to, so it adapts and gets fitter

      Common misconception

      PNF can sometimes be confused as a partner simply helping to deepen the stretch by pushing a bit further.

      The method of contracting the muscle activates the nervous system which helps improve flexibility more effectively than static stretching alone.

      Teacher tip

      Judging the trustworthiness of pupils is important with PNF. A yoga session could be a safer alternative.

      Equipment

      PNF session script, mats, cones, stopwatches, tape measure

      Content guidance

      Risk assessment required - physical activity

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      How quickly should we increase overload?

      Correct answer: incrementally each session
      never
      constantly

      Q2.
      Which word best describes applying the right level of overload?

      Correct answer: challenging
      tiring
      undetectable

      Q3.
      How can you check if your progressions will be safe to perform?

      Correct answer: confer with others
      hope they are
      copy everyone else

      Q4.
      Why might fitness levels stay the same?

      using FITT
      Correct answer: never making changes
      stop training altogether

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these represents a suitable increase in time from running 30 minutes in the previous session?

      30 minutes again
      2 hours
      Correct answer: 40 minutes

      Q2.
      What must the stretcher and partner do during PNF?

      stay silent
      Correct answer: communicate clearly
      ignore discomfort

      Q3.
      What does PNF combine?

      Correct answer: stretch and contract
      sprint and rest
      relax and sleep

      Q4.
      When should PNF be performed?

      before warm up
      Correct answer: after full warm up
      during cool down

      To help you plan your 9 physical education lesson on: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: flexibility, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...