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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can reflect on the idea of personhood for rivers and the difference this might make to their protection.

      Key learning points

      1. The writer and academic Robert MacFarlane has written a book on the state of rivers around the world.
      2. He draws attention to the widespread destruction of rivers through exploitation and pollution.
      3. The rights of nature movement campaigns for rivers to be ascribed personhood and given rights to protection.
      4. These ideas are drawn from ancient indigenous worldviews and modern ideas of rights and protection.
      5. We can reflect on the state of rivers in the UK and their need for protection.

      Keywords

      • Personhood - state or fact of being considered a person such as having awareness or conciousness

      • Rights of nature - legal and philosophical movement recognising rivers, forests etc. as rights-bearing entities, not just property

      • Indigenous - from a particular place or culture that lived prior to European colonisation

      • Guardian - someone who takes on the role of protecting an entity such as a river

      Common misconception

      Giving a river legal rights would mean it is seen exactly the same as a human being.

      The rights of nature movement wants to give rights to entities such as rivers and ecosystems. Their rights would be protected by humans acting as guardians on behalf of the entity.

      Teacher tip

      This lesson could be split into two. One lesson could be spent reflecting on what is happening to rivers and understanding the rights of nature movement. The final lesson could allow pupils to debate or reflect on the key unit question of 'is a river alive?'

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      Which continent has Indigenous cultures?

      only Australia
      only Africa
      Correct answer: every continent except Antarctica

      Q2.
      Indigenous worldviews come from cultures that existed before by Europe.

      Correct Answer: colonisation, Colonisation

      Q3.
      A key idea in many Indigenous worldviews is that:

      nature is unimportant
      humans dominate nature
      Correct answer: humans and nature are tightly connected

      Q4.
      We understand worldviews by noticing how people reason about .

      Correct Answer: personhood, Personhood

      Q5.
      Which of the following best describes nature as having identity or agency?

      Correct answer: environmental personhood
      behaviourism
      strict materialism

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      Match each keyword to its correct meaning:

      Correct Answer:rights of nature,legal and philosophical movement recognising rivers, forests etc.
      Correct Answer:indigenous,from a place or culture that lived before European colonisation
      Correct Answer:guardian,someone who takes on the role of protecting an entity such as a river

      Q2.
      Robert MacFarlane has written a book about the state of around the world.

      Correct Answer: rivers, Rivers

      Q3.
      Robert MacFarlane highlights that many rivers are being damaged by:

      overfishing
      Correct answer: exploitation and pollution
      climate change

      Q4.
      Rivers with personhood could have legal .

      Correct Answer: rights, Rights

      Q5.
      What issues do many UK rivers face today?

      Correct answer: pollution and environmental damage
      pure water everywhere
      lack of wildlife

      To help you plan your 10 religious education lesson on: Reflection: Is a river alive?, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...