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Lesson 3 of 4
  • Year 11

Robots, humans and consciousness

I can consider what we might mean by consciousness and whether it could exist in robots

Lesson 3 of 4
New
New
  • Year 11

Robots, humans and consciousness

I can consider what we might mean by consciousness and whether it could exist in robots

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Artificial things are human‑made materials and processes, like dyes, fragrances, rubber and artificial pollination.
  2. Robots are artificial beings used in homes, workplaces, medicine and social settings.
  3. Klara and the Sun raises questions about whether a robot could have consciousness.
  4. Consciousness includes awareness, interpretation, reflection, understanding others and making decisions.
  5. Debates about robot consciousness focus on whether human‑like behaviour shows real awareness or programmed actions.

Keywords

  • Artificial - made by humans rather than produced naturally

  • Consciousness - the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, thoughts and surroundings

  • Robot - an artificial being that can perform tasks automatically, sometimes designed to act or respond like a human or animal

Common misconception

Consciousness is something you can see or measure directly.

Consciousness cannot be observed directly because it is a private, subjective experience. We can only infer it from behaviour, communication or responses, but we cannot know for certain what another being experiences.


To help you plan your year 11 religious education lesson on: Robots, humans and consciousness, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Read extracts from "Klara and the Sun" by Kazuo Ishiguro with students. It has also been adapted into a film directed by Taika Waititi and is due for release, playing the trailer could be a useful way to introduce the novel.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

6 Questions

Q1.
Which of the following is part of being a person?

calculating quickly
Correct answer: moral judgement
following instructions

Q2.
AI can give correct answers without truly .

Correct Answer: understanding, Understanding

Q3.
What does functionalism focus on?

what something believes
Correct answer: what something does
what something is made of

Q4.
Functionalism suggests AI could have .

Correct Answer: consciousness, Consciousness

Q5.
According to dualism, who can be a person?

Correct answer: humans only
all living things
advanced machines

Q6.
The Chinese Room argues that behaviour alone does not prove a exists.

Correct Answer: mind, Mind

Assessment exit quiz

5 Questions

Q1.
Match each keyword to its meaning:

Correct Answer:artificial,made by humans rather than produced naturally

made by humans rather than produced naturally

Correct Answer:consciousness,the ability to think about one's existence, thoughts and surroundings

the ability to think about one's existence, thoughts and surroundings

Correct Answer:robot,an artificial being, sometimes designed to act or respond like a human

an artificial being, sometimes designed to act or respond like a human

Q2.
Which of the following is artificial?

wood
rain
Correct answer: rubber tyres

Q3.
Robots are programmed to complete specific .

Correct Answer: tasks, Tasks, jobs

Q4.
What key question does Klara and the Sun explore?

Can robots replace humans?
Correct answer: Can robots have consciousness?
Are robots dangerous?

Q5.
Human-like behaviour does not always show real .

Correct Answer: awareness, Awareness