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      Ethical arguments related to racial discrimination

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain racism and key ethical arguments about justice and equality.

      Key learning points

      1. Racism can be individual or systemic, rooted in bias, history and structures, and continues despite legal protections.
      2. White privilege and positive action reveal ongoing inequality and ways to address it.
      3. Windrush, the Bristol Bus Boycott and Black Lives Matter expose past and present racial injustice.
      4. Ethical responses include human rights, virtue ethics and utilitarianism.
      5. Key debates include fairness in positive action, limits on racist speech, and the role of anti-racism.

      Keywords

      • Discrimination - actions that come from prejudice attitudes

      • Equality - belief that everyone is equal in value and worth

      • Justice - what is right and fair

      • Positive action - taking steps to support underrepresented groups, such as encouraging applications from ethnic minority candidates in fields where they are underrepresented

      • Racism - prejudice, discrimination or hostility directed at someone based on their race, ethnicity or skin colour

      Common misconception

      Racism only exists when someone deliberately says or does something hateful.

      Racism can also be unconscious, indirect or systemic. It includes things like biased policies, underrepresentation, microaggressions and privilege.

      Teacher tip

      An explanation of white privilege is included, although this is not required and so could be removed from the lesson if necessary.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      What was the main goal of the Equal Pay Act?

      to promote religious freedom
      to end all gender stereotypes
      Correct answer: to ensure women and men receive equal pay for equal work

      Q2.
      Subtle gender can continue even after laws are passed to promote equality.

      Correct Answer: discrimination, Discrimination

      Q3.
      What do humanists use as the basis for promoting equality?

      Correct answer: reason and fairness
      government laws
      traditional roles

      Q4.
      What do feminist theologians challenge within Christianity?

      all Bible verses
      teachings about charity
      Correct answer: male-dominated leadership and interpretations

      Q5.
      Which Christian denomination does not allow women to become priests?

      Correct answer: Catholic Church
      Methodist Church
      Baptist Church

      5 Questions

      Q1.
      Match each term to its correct meaning.

      Correct Answer:discrimination,actions that come from prejudice attitudes

      actions that come from prejudice attitudes

      Correct Answer:equality,the belief that everyone is equal in value and worth

      the belief that everyone is equal in value and worth

      Correct Answer:justice,what is right and fair

      what is right and fair

      Q2.
      Racism can be individual or ...

      Correct Answer: systemic, Systemic

      Q3.
      Why is white privilege sometimes invisible to those who have it?

      It is part of law.
      It is part of history.
      Correct answer: It is built into everyday experience.

      Q4.
      The Bristol Bus protested against racial discrimination.

      Correct Answer: Boycott, boycott

      Q5.
      What are microaggressions?

      physical attacks
      Correct answer: subtle, often unintentional insults or dismissals
      major protests

      To help you plan your 11 religious education lesson on: Ethical arguments related to racial discrimination, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...