New
New
Year 10
Eduqas

Human personality

I can explain the Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist beliefs about the human personality, why these beliefs are important and how they influence Buddhists today.

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New
New
Year 10
Eduqas

Human personality

I can explain the Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist beliefs about the human personality, why these beliefs are important and how they influence Buddhists today.

Link copied to clipboard

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. In Theravada Buddhism, a human is understood to be a combination of five elements known as Five Aggregates - (s)kandhas.
  2. A human is made up of Five Aggregates or (s)kandhas – body, sensation, perception, thoughts and consciousness.
  3. In Mahayana Buddhism, the (s)kandhas that make up a human are seen as empty. This is known as sunyata.
  4. Sunyata helps Buddhists to understand that there is no fixed, stable self, and the universe is neither fixed nor stable.
  5. Buddha-nature is important in Mahayana Buddhism and means all humans have the potential to become enlightened.

Keywords

  • Five Aggregates - (s)khandas - a human is made up of five elements or ‘heaps’ – body, sensation, perception, thoughts and consciousness

  • Sunyata - literally ‘emptiness’

  • Buddhahood - reaching enlightenment

  • Buddha-nature - the nature of all beings, which means that all beings beings have potential to achieve enlightenment/Buddhahood

Common misconception

Sunyata means that everything is completely non-existent, there is nothing at all, or that the world is a void with no meaning or value.

Sunyata refers to the emptiness of inherent existence, meaning that all things are empty of an independent, permanent or fixed essence.


To help you plan your year 10 religious education lesson on: Human personality, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

The story of Nagasena and the Chariot helps explain the concept of sunyata.
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This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
What does the Threefold Way help Buddhists to achieve?
a peaceful afterlife
Correct answer: a deeper understanding of reality
physical strength
Q2.
Which of the following is part of Meditation (Samadhi)?
Correct answer: Right Concentration
Right Action
Right Speech
Q3.
Why is Ethics (Sila) important in Buddhism?
Correct answer: it helps Buddhists to build good relationships and avoid harm
it allows Buddhists to reach enlightenment instantly
it replaces the need for meditation
Q4.
Which of these best describes Wisdom (Panna)?
learning how to meditate
speaking kindly to others
Correct answer: gaining insight into the nature of reality
Q5.
How do the three parts of the Threefold Way work together?
they are separate practices
Correct answer: they support and strengthen each other
Buddhists must choose one to follow
Q6.
What does Meditation (Samadhi) encourage Buddhists to do?
Correct answer: focus their minds and develop awareness
give to charity
avoid speaking to others

6 Questions

Q1.
According to Theravada Buddhism, a human is made up of Aggregates, also known as (s)kandhas.
Correct Answer: Five, 5, five
Q2.
What are the Five Aggregates or (s)kandhas in Theravada Buddhism?
body, mind, soul, heart, spirit
kamma, rebirth, suffering, wisdom, meditation
Correct answer: form, sensation, perception, mental formations, consciousness
Q3.
What does sunyata mean in Mahayana Buddhism?
Correct answer: everything is interconnected and has no fixed or independent existence
the world is meaningless and void
the mind is empty of thoughts
Q4.
According to Mahayana Buddhism, what does Buddha-nature refer to?
the belief that only the Buddha was capable of enlightenment
Correct answer: the idea that all beings have the potential to become enlightened
the idea that only monks can reach enlightenment
Q5.
Which analogy is used in Buddhist scripture to explain Buddha-nature?
a river flowing into the ocean
Correct answer: honey surrounded by bees
a lotus flower blooming in the mud
Q6.
What is the goal of many Mahayana Buddhists?
Correct answer: to delay nirvana to help others attain enlightenment
to achieve nirvana immediately
to avoid suffering completely

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