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      Non-religious beliefs about death and the afterlife

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain non-religious beliefs about the afterlife and the arguments for and against life after death.

      Key learning points

      1. Some non-religious individuals believe in an afterlife or a soul.
      2. Non-religious views include psychological continuity, energy transformation, and technological immortality.
      3. Humanists reject life after death, focusing on the present.
      4. Arguments for an afterlife cite authority, widespread belief, and disputed evidence.
      5. Arguments against it stress brain-dependent consciousness, religious contradictions, and social control.

      Keywords

      • Afterlife - what follows the physical life on earth; life after death

      • Consciousness - the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, thoughts, and surroundings

      • Soul - the spiritual aspect of a being; that which connects someone to God. The soul is often regarded as nonphysical and as living on after physical death, in an afterlife

      Common misconception

      Only religious people believe in life after death.

      People who aren't religious often believe in some sort of life after death; this can range from believing in a soul which lives on to believing that our legacy lives on.

      Teacher tip

      This is a sensitive issue which you may want to pre-warn students about, particularly as the lesson covers arguments that there is no life after death

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Catholics believe in , a temporary state of purification before entering heaven.

      Correct Answer: purgatory, Purgatory

      Q2.
      Christians believe in , which means being raised from the dead in either a physical or spiritual form.

      Correct Answer: resurrection, Resurrection

      Q3.
      In Christian belief, is eternal separation from God, often seen as a place of punishment.

      Correct Answer: hell, Hell

      Q4.
      What does the Bible say about life after death?

      Correct answer: Believers in Jesus will have eternal life.
      People are reincarnated after death.
      Heaven and hell are only myths.

      Q5.
      How does belief in the afterlife influence Christians?

      It causes them to ignore helping others.
      It makes them fearful of death.
      Correct answer: It encourages them to live morally.

      Q6.
      What does 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 teach about resurrection?

      The body is reincarnated into another life.
      Correct answer: The resurrection body is transformed into a spiritual body.
      People will live on as ghosts after death.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is an argument against an afterlife?

      Religious teachings all agree on what happens after death.
      Correct answer: Consciousness depends on the brain.
      There is scientific proof of ghosts.

      Q2.
      Which of these is an example of ‘evidence’ used to support belief in an afterlife?

      Correct answer: Near-death experiences
      Fossil records
      Evolutionary theory

      Q3.
      Which non-religious belief suggests that energy continues after death?

      Psychological continuity
      Correct answer: Energy transformation
      Technological immortality

      Q4.
      The is the spiritual aspect of a being, often regarded as living on after physical death.

      Correct Answer: soul, Soul

      Q5.
      Non-religious people known as reject the idea of an afterlife and believe that meaning comes from living fully in the present.

      Correct Answer: Humanists, humanists

      Q6.
      Some non-religious people believe in {{} - the idea that a person’s awareness can continue beyond the brain.

      Correct Answer: consciousness, Consciousness

      To help you plan your 11 religious education lesson on: Non-religious beliefs about death and the afterlife, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...