A disease, caused by a pathogen, that can be spread from person to person through direct or indirect contact.

A disease that cannot be spread from person to person.

A persistent deviation from a person’s normal appearance, body function or behaviour.

Diseases

Biology

Cardiovascular disease

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases

Cancer

Bacterial and viral diseases in humans: TB, cholera, Helicobacter and Ebola

Fungal and protist diseases in humans

Sexually transmitted infections

Plant diseases: Chalara ash dieback

Climate change and human health

Pupils will learn about human and plant defences against pathogens, the role of white blood cells in the human immune system, and the use of vaccination to protect against communicable diseases.

Pupils learned about some common non-infectious diseases, factors that increase the risk of developing lifestyle diseases and steps we can take to help prevent them, including the impacts of smoking on the human body, and asthma and its risk factors.

This unit explores health and disease, including communicable and non-communicable types and their interactions. It examines lifestyle impacts, disease spread, evaluates cardiovascular treatments, and highlights the importance of risk evaluation, peer review, and effective communication of results.

Health and disease

General term for conditions affecting the heart or the blood vessels.

A condition whereby the coronary arteries have been blocked.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

A short wire mesh tube that can be inserted into the artery to allow the unrestricted flow of blood.

a disease that cannot be passed from person to person

something that increases the chance of ill health

a relationship or pattern between two or more variables

a process of subjecting an author's work, research or ideas to the scrutiny of other experts in the same field

a mass of cells that has been produced through uncontrolled cell division

a tumour that is non-cancerous and contained to one area

a tumour that is cancerous and can spread

something that increases the risk of ill health

a disease that can be passed from organism to organism through sexual contact

a disease that can be spread from one organism to another

eukaryotic kingdom of microorganisms including yeast and mould

eukaryotic kingdom of microorganisms including amoeba and plasmodium

an organism that carries the pathogen from the host to another organism

a genetic variant in a gene creates an allele (a different version of a gene), which can produce a different phenotype

A communicable disease that is spread through sexual activity.

A form of contraception that prevents pregnancy by blocking the sperm reaching the egg, and can also stop the spread of sexually transmitted infections.

A non-living infectious agent that replicates inside a host cell.

A eukaryotic, spore-producing organism that feeds on organic matter.

A measure of the quantity and quality of food available to support households and whole communities.

Variety of living organisms within an ecosystem.

a virus, bacterium or other microorganism that causes disease

the lack of proper nutrition due to not having a balanced diet

how widespread something is, especially a disease or pathogen

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