A polymer is a molecule made of many repeated units.

Sugars are the units used to build large carbohydrate molecules.

Amino acids are the units used to build protein molecules.

A fatty acid is one of two units used to build lipid molecules.

Glycerol is one of two units used to build lipid molecules.

Biological molecules

Combined science

Obtaining the elements needed to make biological molecules

Enzymes: function, structure and specificity

Explaining effects of substrate concentration and temperature on enzyme rate

The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme reaction: plan

The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme reaction: practical

The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme reaction: data analysis

Pupils will learn how substances essential for chemical reactions, and the products of the reactions, are transported into, around and out of the human body.

Pupils learned about differences in the cell structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

This unit explores the roles of sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids in the synthesis and breakdown of biological molecules. It covers enzyme action, transport in organisms, hypothesis development, and data interpretation. Emphasis is on planning experiments and presenting explanations.

Biological molecules and enzymes

An organism that can make its own food, such as a plant or other producer.

The non-living parts of an ecosystem, such as the atmosphere.

The process carried out by plants that converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

An organism that produces its own food, such as a plant.

An organism which must eat other organisms in order to obtain food.

A protein which acts as a biological catalyst.

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being used up.

The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds.

The substance which is acted upon by the enzyme.

Scientists use models as simpler representations of complex things and ideas.

A measure of the amount of change that occurs per unit of time.

A measure of the quantity of a dissolved substance in a given volume of solution.

The conditions under which the maximum rate of reaction occurs.

A force of attraction between atoms in a compound.

A permanent change in the shape of an enzyme that stops it from working properly.

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is.

A carbohydrate, which is a polysaccharide (a polymer of sugar).

An enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose (a type of sugar).

A method that involves taking regular and frequent samples.

The point at which the chemical reaction has finished.

A permanent change in the shape of an enzyme which stops it from working.

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Biological molecules and enzymes

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