A structure in animal, plant and fungi cells that stores the genetic material (DNA).

A large chemical molecule made of smaller chemical groups, it carries the genetic code of all living organisms.

A short section of DNA that carries the genetic code to provide instructions for an inherited feature or process.

All of the DNA of an organism that codes for and controls the inherited features and processes.

The genome

Combined science

The structure of DNA

The genome, the environment and phenotype

Pupils will learn about dominant and recessive alleles, and how to use models of single gene inheritance to make predictions about the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.

Pupils learned about flower structure, wind and insect pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation and dispersal.

This unit covers the structure and function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, DNA as the genetic material, and key genetic terms. It also explains protein synthesis, genetic variants, and how DNA structure affects proteins. The emphasis is on using models to explain scientific concepts.

DNA and the genome

DNA is a nucleic acid polymer made up of four nucleotides, it contains the genetic code in all living organisms.

A nucleic acid is a polymer made up of nucleotides, an example is DNA.

A polymer is a chemical made up of smaller repeating chemical groups.

A nucleotide is a chemical group that make up the building blocks of DNA, the four types are coded A, T, C and G.

A DNA molecule is made up of two nucleic acid chains that spiral around each other to form a double helix.

A genome is all of the DNA of an organism.

A gene is a section of DNA that holds the genetic code for a protein.

A protein a chemical substance whose structure is coded for by the genetic code in genes.

The phenotype is the physical characteristics of an organism.

An enzyme is a functional protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.

DNA and the genome

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