An ionic compound formed from positive and negative ions electrostatically attracted to each other.

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

A chemical reaction between an acid and base, producing a solution of a metal salt and water.

Describing salts

Combined science

Hazard symbols and equipment

Acid-base reactions (carbonates as bases)

Chemical reactions of acids with metals and metal carbonates

Concentration of solutions

pH scale and indicators

Solubility rules

Ionic equations: salt formation

Making a pure dry sample of a soluble salt

Adapting a multistep chemical procedure for making a pure dry salt

Change in pH: practical

Comparing concentration with strength

In the Electrolysis unit, pupils will build on their understanding of chemical reactions to explore the process of electrolysis and its applications.

In the Acids and Bases unit, pupils learned about the properties of acids, bases, and alkalis, and the reactions between them to form salts and water.

This unit explores empirical formulae, balanced chemical and ionic equations, gas identification, acid reactions, and pH as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration. It covers separation techniques and focuses on planning experiments, accurate measurements, safety, and communicating findings.

Making salts

A piece of equipment that is designed for a particular use.

A danger associated with a substance or piece of apparatus.

The identification of both the hazards of doing a particular experiment and ways of reducing the risk of harm from those hazards.

An action taken to prevent or reduce the risk of danger or harm.

A substance that reacts with an acid to form a compound called a salt.

A way of describing a substance that does dissolve in a particular solvent.

A way of describing a substance that does not dissolve in a particular solvent.

A basic compound which contains an ion comprising of an oxygen and a hydrogen atom (OH⁻).

A chemical reaction between an acid and base to produce a neutral solution including a salt and water.

This describes a reaction using a symbol equation with coefficients which ensure there are equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the symbol equation.

These are used in chemical equations to indicate the physical state of a substance.

substance formed when a solute dissolves into a solvent

a substance that has dissolved into a solvent

a substance into which a solute dissolves

the amount of a solute dissolved in a certain volume of solvent

a low concentration of a solute in a solution

a scale of acidity or alkalinity, often shown to be between values of 0 and 14

a solution or paper which will change a different colour depending on pH of a solution

an electric device which measures pH and provides a value after being calibrated with reference samples

the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) present in a solution; acids have a pH value less than 7

the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) present in a solution; alkalis have a pH value greater than 7

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a particular solvent creating a solution; how well a solute dissolves in a solvent.

An ionic compound, usually formed by neutralisation of an acid by a base.

When a substance dissolves in a liquid, it is described as soluble in that liquid.

An insoluble solid formed when two solutions react together.

When a substance does not dissolve in a liquid, it is described as insoluble in that liquid.

used in chemical equations to indicate the physical state of a substance

a balanced equation showing all the ions involved in a reaction

a type of reaction in which a substance gains oxygen or loses electrons

a type of reaction in which a substance loses oxygen or gains electrons

any reactant present in a greater amount than is necessary to completely react with the limiting reactant

a technique to separate insoluble solids from a liquid by passing the mixture it is in through a filter

a process that forms solid crystals from a saturated solution by evaporating the solvent

Describes how an experiment is carried out; it is a step-by-step procedure.

To evaluate something is to make a judgement about it with respect to a particular purpose.

To make suitable for use or purpose, e.g. equipment or steps in an experimental procedure.

A measure of the hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration in a solution.

A chemical reaction between an acid and base to produce a neutral solution of a metal salt and water.

A substance that neutralises an acid to form a salt and water.

Refers to a measurement of quantity. A numerical value.

A positively charged ion formed when a hydrogen atom loses an electron (H⁺).

The measure of the hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration of a solution.

The amount of solute dissolved in a certain volume of solution.

An acid which fully dissociates to form H⁺ ions in aqueous solution.

An acid which partially dissociates to form H⁺ ions in aqueous solution.

Making salts

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