Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a place.

An axis is an imaginary straight line through Earth which rotates around it.

A thermometer is an instrument which is used to measure temperature.

A hemisphere is half of Earth, usually divided into the Northern or Southern Hemispheres by the Equator.

Solar energy is the light and heat that come from the sun's rays.

The world's cold places

Geography

Locating the North and South Poles

The North Pole and the Arctic

The South Pole and the Antarctic

Arctic wildlife

Antarctic wildlife

Living in the Arctic

Living in the Antarctic

It then leads on to examine this same scale but by investigating hot places in 'Hot places: What is it like near the Equator?'. This unit also links to future understanding of land use and settlement, and builds on Earth Geometry by establishing familiarity with the Polar Circles here and with the Equator in 'Hot places: What is it like near the Equator?'.

links to work done in and around the school ground on weather and develops the idea of temperature variations and extreme cold on a global scale. 

This unit explores the North and South Poles through their locations, climates, landscapes, wildlife and ways of life. Pupils learn to compare the Arctic and Antarctic using maps, images and geographical vocabulary to describe features of cold environments.

Cold places: what is it like at the North and South Poles?

A glacier is a huge accumulation of ice and snow that moves slowly over land.

Icebergs are large floating chunks of ice, that break off glaciers into the ocean.

An ice floe is a sheet of ice floating in the water.

An ice shelf is a floating tongue of ice that extends from a glacier grounded on land.

The most northerly major line of latitude.

The smallest of the world’s main oceans, much of it is frozen during its winter months.

This is ice which never thaws, even in summer time.

The 24 consecutive hours of sunlight during the Arctic or Antarctic summer.

An imaginary line around the earth which surrounds the southern polar region known as the Antarctic

A large, permanent covering of ice on land

The average weather conditions, e.g. rainfall, hours of sunshine and winds, over at least 30 years

A polar bear is a large, white bear found in the Arctic and nearby areas.

A reindeer is a type of deer that lives in the northern parts of Europe, Asia and North America.

A walrus is a large marine mammal that lives in Arctic seas.

The Arctic fox is a small white fox that lives in the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Climate change is a large-scale and long-term change in the planet’s climate, including weather patterns and average temperatures.

A species is type of plant or animal that shares characteristics

the Inuit are nomadic people who live within the Arctic Circle

sealskin is the furry skin of seals, which is used to make a variety of good such as clothes, shoes and rugs

tundra is a cold, frozen area of land where not many trees are able to grow

Whaling is the hunting of whales for oil and meat

The Antarctic Treaty is a set of rules signed by 54 countries to protect Antarctica

Tourism means people travelling to a different place from where they live for a holiday

Work done to collect information in an organised way in order to increase understanding about a topic is known as research

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Cold places: what is it like at the North and South Poles?

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